University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Rising Costs  In 2005, national health expenditures rose 6.9 percent -- two times the rate of inflation.  U.S. health care spending is expected to continue to increase at reaching $4 TRILLION in 2015, or 20 percent of GDP

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Health Indicators

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire

The Uninsured

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Comparisons by Insurance Status Those without insurance report being significantly less healthy than those with insurance

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire

State Health Care Reform  Massachusetts*  California  Vermont  Wisconsin

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act  Expand Coverage*  Mandate coverage (fine/penalty)  No denial of pre-existing conditions  Purchase exchanges  Subsidies and tax credits  Payroll taxes  Program savings (fraud, pay for outcomes)  327,911 words…..1,928 pages House Vote -219 Aye -all Democrat 212 Nay -34 Democrat -178 Republican

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire The Massachusetts Experience  Massachusetts has successfully implemented major health reform legislation by making both subsidized and unsubsidized products available, and enforcing an individual mandate.  The number of uninsured has fallen dramatically, and there is also evidence of improvement in access to health care across a wide variety of measures. Public support for the health reforms remains high.  At the same time, the state has been faced with unexpectedly high costs.

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Learning from Others  Sick Around the World  Everyone must obtain health insurance  Government pays for those that cannot afford premium  Insurance cannot deny anyone coverage  Insurance cannot make profit on basic care coverage  Set schedule of prices for doctors, hospitals, drugs etc…

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Pressing Issues  New technologies and new pharmaceuticals are driving costs.  Financing is still largely fee for service.  Obesity and smoking are the two leading causes of preventable care in the US resulting in over 800,000 deaths and hundreds of billions of dollars in total costs annually.    No hope for meaningful reform until we live healthier lifestyles and profit is taken out of the equation.

International Comparison

N. Gregory Mankiw, Economist

David Goldhill, Businessman

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Economics 101 “What is YOUR solution?” “There are no solutions,” I said. “There are only trade-offs.” “The people DEMAND solutions!” she shot back angrily. I replied, “the people can demand square circles if they want. But that doesn't mean that they will get them.” Thomas Sowell

 Measure average daily FV snack consumption (3 survey days)  Morning and afternoon snack  Test difference between program and control students  Sample restricted to students who were present on all three survey days for both pre-test and post-test (n = 51, 78)

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Never = 1 Sometimes = 2 Often = 3 Always = 4

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University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Never = 1 Sometimes = 2 Often = 3 Always = 4

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University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Never = 1 Sometimes = 2 Often = 3 Always = 4

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University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire  Ate all or at least half = 1

Nothing Chart & Stickers Chart, Stickers & Toys Nothing Reminders, Modeling/Praise & Toys

The FFVP Works!  Toy PRIZES MATTER!  Homework reminders WORK!  Most successful when combined with POSITIVE MODELING & PRAISE!  A caring and dedicated teacher was able to get 70% of her students to bring FV snacks from home on a regular basis.

University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire The FFVP Works!  Framework for schools to expand the reach of the FFVP beyond the access to free FV provided as snacks in the classroom.  Feasible and affordable in terms of time, resources and money…. SCHOOLS CAN DO THIS!  It seems to work EFFECTIVELY!