Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Business Plug-In B12 Global Trends

12-2 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Identify the trends that will have the greatest impact on future business 2. Identify the technologies that will have the greatest impact on future business 3. Explain why understanding trends and new technologies can help an organization prepare for the future

12-3 Introduction O Obtaining a broad view of emerging trends and new technologies as they relate to business can help an organization anticipate and prepare for the future O Organizations that can most effectively grasp the deep currents of technological evolution can use their knowledge to protect themselves against sudden and fatal technological obsolescence

12-4 Reasons to Watch Trends O Trend analysis – the examination of a trend to identify its nature, causes, speed of development, and potential impacts O Trend monitoring – trends viewed as particularly important in a specific community, industry, or sector are carefully monitored, watched, and reported to key decision makers O Trend projection – when numerical data are available, a trend can be plotted to display changes through time and into the future

12-5 Reasons to Watch Trends O Computer simulation – complex systems can be modeled by means of mathematical equations and different scenarios can be run against the model to determine “what if” analysis O Historical analysis – historical events are studied to anticipate the outcome of current developments

12-6 Reasons to Watch Trends

12-7 Trends Shaping Our Future O The following trends have the potential to change our world, our future, and our lives: O World’s population will double in the next 40 years O People in developed countries are living longer O Growth in information industries is creating a knowledge-dependent global society O The global economy is becoming more integrated O The economy and society are dominated by technology O Pace of technological innovation is increasing O Time is becoming one of the most precious commodities

12-8 THE WORLD’S POPULATION WILL DOUBLE OVER THE NEXT 40 YEARS O Countries expected to have the largest population increases O Palestinian Territory – 217% increase O Niger – 205% O Yemen – 168% O Angola – 162% O Democratic Republic of the Congo – 161% O Uganda – 133%

12-9 THE WORLD’S POPULATION WILL DOUBLE OVER THE NEXT 40 YEARS O In contrast, developed and industrialized countries are expected to see fertility rates decrease below population replacement levels, leading to significant declines in population

12-10 THE WORLD’S POPULATION WILL DOUBLE OVER THE NEXT 40 YEARS O Potential business impact O Global agriculture will be required to supply as much food as has been produced during all of human history to meet needs over the next 40 years O Developed nations will find that retirees will have to remain on the job to remain competitive O Developed nations will begin to increase immigration limits

12-11 PEOPLE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE LIVING LONGER O On average, each generation in the United States lives three years longer than the previous O An 80-year-old in 1950 could expect to live 6.5 years longer today

12-12 PEOPLE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE LIVING LONGER O Potential business impact O Global demand for elderly products and services will grow quickly in the coming decades O The cost of health care is destined to skyrocket O Pharmaceutical companies will be pushed for advances in geriatric medicine

12-13 THE GROWTH IN INFORMATION INDUSTRIES IS CREATING A KNOWLEDGE-DEPENDENT GLOBAL SOCIETY O 90% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers by 2008 O A typical large organization in 2010 will have fewer than half the management levels of its counterpart in 1990, and about 1/3 the number of managers

12-14 THE GROWTH IN INFORMATION INDUSTRIES IS CREATING A KNOWLEDGE-DEPENDENT GLOBAL SOCIETY O Potential business impact O Top managers must be computer-literate to retain their jobs and achieve success O Knowledge workers are generally higher paid and their proliferation is increasing overall prosperity O Entry-level and unskilled positions are requiring a growing level of education O Information now flows from front-office workers to higher management for analysis O Downsizing, restructuring, reorganization, outsourcing, and layoffs will continue

12-15 THE GLOBAL ECONOMY IS BECOMING MORE INTEGRATED O Potential business impact O Demand for personnel in distant countries will increase the need for foreign language training and employee incentives suited to other cultures O E-business and the Internet will reduce the cost of doing business O The Internet will allow small companies to compete with worldwide giants with relatively little investment

12-16 THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY ARE DOMINATED BY TECHNOLOGY O Computers are becoming a part of our environment O Artificial intelligence and expert systems will help most companies and government agencies assimilate data and solve problems beyond the range of today’s computers O Personal robots will appear in the home

12-17 THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY ARE DOMINATED BY TECHNOLOGY O Potential business impact O New technologies provide dozens of new opportunities to create businesses and jobs O Automation will continue to decrease the cost of products and services, making it possible to reduce prices while improving profits O Demand for scientists, engineers, and technicians will continue to grow

12-18 PACE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IS INCREASING O Medical knowledge is doubling every eight years O 50% of what students learn in their freshman year of college is obsolete, revised, or taken for granted by their senior year O All of today’s technical knowledge will represent only 1 percent of the knowledge that will be available in 2050

12-19 PACE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IS INCREASING O Potential business impact O Shortened time-to-market for products and services O Tighter competition based on new technologies

12-20 TIME IS BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST PRECIOUS COMMODITIES O U.S. workers spend 10% more time on the job than they did a decade ago O European executives and nonunionized workers face the same trend O This high-pressured environment is increasing the need for any product or service that saves time or simplifies life

12-21 TIME IS BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S MOST PRECIOUS COMMODITIES O Potential business impact O Companies must take an active role in helping their employees balance their work and lives O Stress-related problems affecting employee morale and wellness will continue to grow O Use of the Internet will continue to grow as the time to perform activities, such as shopping at a mall, evaporates

12-22 Technologies Shaping Our Future O The following technologies have the potential to change our world, our future, and our lives: O Digital ink O Digital paper O Teleliving O Alternative energy sources O Autonomic computing

12-23 DIGITAL INK O Digital ink (or electronic ink) – refers to technology that digitally represents handwriting in its natural form

12-24 DIGITAL INK O Potential business impact O Digital ink can be used in many applications: O Point-of-sale signs O Next generation displays in mobile devices and PDAs O Thin, portable electronic books and newspapers O RadioPaper – dynamic high-resolution electronic display that combines a paperlike reading experience with the ability to access information anytime, anywhere

12-25 DIGITAL PAPER O Digital paper (or electronic paper) – any paper that is optimized for any type of digital printing O The major difference between paper produced from a tree and paper produced in a laboratory is that information on a digital paper sheet can be altered thousands of times and not degrade over time

12-26 DIGITAL PAPER O Potential business impact O Paperlike displays will replace newspapers, magazines, and books O Reusable paper is an environmentally sound idea

12-27 TELELIVING O Teleliving – refers to using information devices and the Internet to conduct all aspects of life seamlessly O Includes shopping, working, learning, playing, healing, and even praying O Each year, four billion chips are embedded in everything from coffee makers to Cadillac's

12-28 TELELIVING O Potential business impact O In the future, people will move through a constant stream of information summoned at the touch of a finger O Virtual assistant (VA) – a small program stored on a PC or portable device that monitors s, faxes, messages, and phone calls. VAs will mimic real assistants helping individuals solve problems O Robotic salespeople will take on human appearances and perform all tasks associated with a sales job

12-29 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES O Wind, geothermal, hydroelectric, solar, and other alternative energy sources will account for 30 percent of all energy use O By 2010 nuclear plants will supply 16% of Russia and eastern Europe’s energy

12-30 ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES O Potential business impact O China, Asia, India, South America, and Russia are modernizing their economies, which increases their needs for energy O Cost of alternative energy sources is decreasing O Deregulation of the energy industry is expected to increase innovation and foster a wide variety of new energy sources O Oil will remain the world’s most important energy source

12-31 AUTONOMIC COMPUTING O Autonomic computing – a self-managing computing model named after, and patterned on, the human body’s autonomic nervous system O Level 1: Basic O Level 2: Managed O Level 3: Predictive O Level 4: Adaptive O Level 5: Autonomic

12-32 AUTONOMIC COMPUTING O Potential business impact O Autonomic computing will be used in complex IT infrastructures for security, storage, network management, and redundancy/failover O Computers will monitor components and fine-tune workflows O Autonomic computers will be able to “self-heal” O Autonomic computers will be able to “self-protect”