77 CHAPTER INPUT AND OUTPUT

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-2 Competencies Define input Describe keyboard entry, pointing devices, & scanning devices Discuss image capturing devices, digitizing devices, & audio input devices

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-3 Competencies cont. Define output Describe monitors, printers, and audio output devices Discuss combination input & output devices

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-4 What is Input? Any data or instructions used by a computer Input devices( are hardware use to translate word, sound, images, and actions that people understand into a form that the system unit can process. Hardware Keyboards Mice Scanners Other devices

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-5 Keyboard Entry Keyboards Traditional keyboards Flexible keyboards (easy packing or storage) Ergonomic keyboards (palm rest is provided) Wireless keyboards( transmit input to the system unit through the air) PDA keyboards Features Typewriter keyboard with numeric pad Special purpose keys Toggle and combination keys (caps.

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-6 Flexible keyboards Ergonomic keyboards Wireless keyboards PDA keyboards

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-7 Traditional Keyboard

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-8 Pointing Devices Mouse Mechanical Optical (use light to detect mouse movement) Cordless or wireless Use radio waves or infrared to communicate with the system Joystick (used for computer games) Touch Screen ( clear plastic outer layer. Behind this layer are crisscrossed invisible beams of IR light- used in restaurant and ATM) Light Pen ( light sensitive pen- edit digital images)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7-9 Mechanical MouseOptical MouseWireless Mouse JoystickTouch Screen

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Scanning Devices Convert scanned text and images into a form that the system unit can process 1- Optical scanners: recognize light, dark and colored area Flatbed ( like a copy machine- Portable (handheld device) 2- Bar code readers: handheld wand reader or platform Used in grocery stores. Contain photoelectric cells that scan or read bar codes. Universal product code.(UPC)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Scanning Devices 3- Character and mark recognition devices Scanners that recognize special characters & marks Magnetic ink character recognition (MICR) Used in bank to read unusual numbers on the bottom of the checks Optical-character recognition (OCR) Preprinted character that can be read by a light source Optical-mark recognition (OMR) Score multiple-choice

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Optical flatbed Optical Portable : Up to 1000 pages of scanned text can be stored in the pen and transferred to PC, Bar code reader MICR OMR

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Image Capturing Devices Digital camera Images recorded digitally on a disk Images can be downloaded to a computer Digital video camera Records motion digitally Can take still images as well WebCams Specialized digital video cameras Broadcast images over the Internet

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Digitizing Devices convert a sketch or figure into a form that can be processed by a computer Graphics Tablets use special graphic surface and special stylus or pen-like device Digital Notepads Use regular notepad and pen

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audio Input Devices convert sound into a form that can be processed by the system unit. Voice Voice recognition systems Use a microphone, a sound card and special software. Two types of voice recognition: Discrete-speech recognition systems  Are able to recognize individual words based on their sound.  Can not distinguish between same-sound words like there, their Continuous-speech recognition system  Can distinguish between same-sound words like there, their Music Musical Interface Digital Interface (MIDI) Allow musical instruments to connect to the system unit using MIDI ports

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved What is Output? Processed data or information Types of output Text Graphics Audio & video Output devices Are any hardware used to provide or create output from the computer. They translate information that has been processed by the system unit into a form that human can understand. Monitors Printers

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Monitors Known as screens or display screens Output referred to as soft copy Features Resolution  Images are formed on a monitor by a series of dots or pixels( picture elements).  Resolution is expressed as a matrix of dots or pixels (1280cx1024R)  The higher a monitor’s resolution (the more pixels). Dot pitch:  Is the distance between each pixel.  Monitors have a dot distance of 3.1 mm.  The lower the dot pitch the higher the clarity of images produced.

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Refresh rate  Indicates how often a displayed image is updated or refresh.  Most monitors operate at 75 Hz, the monitor updated 75 times each second.  The faster the refresh rate the better the quality of images. Size  Measured by the diagonal length of a monitor’s viewing area.  The smaller the monitor the better the quality of images displayed. Cont

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved More on Monitors Cathode-ray tube or CRTs Flat-panel Liquid crystal display (LCD) Portable and thinner than CRTs Other monitors E-books Data projectors High-definition television (HDTV)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Flat panel Cathode ray tube

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved E-book reader Data projector HDTV

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printers Translates information that has been processed by the system unit. Output referred to as hard copy Features Resolution Measured in dpi, the higher the dpi the better the quality of image produced Color capability : black ink or color Speed: Measured in the number of pages printed per minute Memory: used to store printing instructions and documents waiting to be printed.

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Printers Ink-jet printer Spray ink at high speed onto the surface of paper Laser printer Personal laser printers Shared laser printers Thermal printer Other printers Dot-matrix Plotters Photo printers

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Ink-jet printer Laser printer Thermal printer Dot-matrix printer plotter

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Audio Output Devices Translates audio information into sounds that people can understand Common devices Speakers Headphones

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Combination Input and Output Devices Fax machines Device for sending and receiving images over telephone line Multifunction devices Combine the capabilities pf scanner, printer, fax and copying machine. Internet telephones Telephony Voice-over IP (VoIP) Specialized I/O device for receiving and sending voice communication over computer networks and internet.

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved FAX machine Internet telephone MFD

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Terminals An input and output device that connects you to a mainframe or other type of computer called server Types of terminals Dumb terminal It cant process date used onlty to gain access to information from a computer( airline reservations) Intelligent terminal : process data Network terminal: no hard-disk Internet terminal: access internet without a microcomputer

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved A Look to the Future Neural Signals Inc. Brain machine interface Allows humans to control machines with their thoughts Individuals incapable of communication Physically immobile people

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved. HW3 Explain ( definition, picture, details) about two devices one for entry(I/P device) and another for Exit( O/P device) that had not been mentioned in this chapter. Last date: next week 3 rd January Class test : Next lecture 7-30

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms active matrix monitor (190) audio input device (185) audio-output device (193) bar code (183) bar code reader (183) bar code scanner (183) cathode ray tube monitor (CRT) (189) character recognition device (183) clarity (189) color capability (printer) (191) combination device (193) combination key (175) continuous-speech recognition system (188)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms cordless mouse (180) data projector (190) digital camera (184) digital notepad (185) digital video camera (184) digitizing device (185) discrete-speech recognition system (188) display screen (189) dot-matrix printer (192) dot pitch (189) dots-per-inch (dpi) (191) download (184) dual-scan monitor (190) dumb terminal (195) e-book (190) e-book reader (190)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms facsimile (fax) machine (194) flat-panel monitor (190) Flatbed scanner (183) graphics tablet (185) hard copy (191) Headphones (193) high-definition television (HDTV) (190) host computer (195) image capturing device (184) ink-jet printer (191) input device (178) input (178) intelligent terminal (195) Internet telephone (194) Internet telephony (194)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms Internet terminal (195) IP Telephony (194) joystick (181) keyboard (178) laser printer (192) light pen (182) liquid crystal display (LCD) (190) Magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) (183) mark recognition device (183) mark sensing (183) mechanical mouse (180) memory (printer) (191) Musical Interface Digital Interface MIDI (188)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms MIDI device (188) monitor (189) mouse (180) mouse pad (180) mouse pointer (180) multifunction device (MFD) (194) network computer (195) network terminal (195) numeric keypad (178) optical character recognition (OCR) (183) Optical-mark recognition (OMR) (183) optical mouse (180) optical scanner (182) output (188) output device (188)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms passive-matrix monitor (190) PC/TV (190) personal laser printer (192) photo printer (192) pixel (picture element) (189) platform scanner (183) plotter (192) pointing (180) pointing device (180) pointing stick (180) portable scanner (183) printer (191) reader/sorter (183) refresh rate (189) resolution (monitor)(189)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms resolution (printer) (191) roller ball (180) scanner (182) scanning device (182) screen (189) server (195) shared laser printer (192) size (viewable size) (189) soft copy (189) speakers (193) speed (printer) (191) telephony (194) terminal (195) thermal printer (192) thin client (195) thin film resistor monitor (TFT) (190) toggle key (179)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Key Terms touch pad (180) touch screen (181) touch surface (180) trackball (180) Universal Product Code (UPC) (183) voice recognition system (185) voice-over IP (VoIP) (194) wand reader (183) Web appliance (195) WebCam (184) Web camera (184) Web terminal (195) wireless mouse (180)

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved FAQs What are pointing devices? I would like to insert several images in a document. How can I capture the images? What are digitizing devices? What is voice recognition? What is the difference between a CRT and an LCD display? What is HDTV?

© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved Discussion Questions Describe the three different mouse types designed for input. How does Internet telephony work? Discuss. Discuss the features of multifunctional devices. Describe the features of a monitor that help to make images appear clearer on the screen. What are MIDI devices and how are they used?