MIGRATION AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: RESPONSES OF BRITS AT HOME AND ABROAD A White Rose Consortium Funded Research Network Co-ordinated by Majella Kilkey (University of Sheffield), Neil Lunt (University of York) and Louise Waite (University of Leeds) MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Seminar 1: Economic crisis, austerity and Brits abroad 23 rd Sept 2013 University of Sheffield Researching the ‘new’ British mobility: conceptual frames and methodological challenges Loretta Baldassar 1.British – Aust migration history 2.Comparison ‘new’ UK & Italian entrants 3.Aust diaspora 4.Research methods and agendas

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES PEOPLE FROM OVER 200 COUNTRIES LIVE IN AUSTRALIA 14.2% BORN OVERSEAS IN NESB COUNTRIES (ABS 2001) 15% OF AUSTRALIANS >5 YRS SPEAK LOTE (ABS 2001) 2.4% INDIGENOUS (ABS 2001) 35% AUSTRALIAN (ABS 2001) 36.1% ENGLISH OR ENG-AUST (7.2 MILLION) (ABS 2011) 910,000 ENGLAND BORN RESIDENTS IN 2011 (4%) AUSTRALIA = SETTLER SOCIETY 44% MIGRANTS OR CHILDREN OF MIGRANTS (ABS 2006) 25% AUSTRALIANS BORN OVERSEAS (ABS 2009) 12.5% US % 2 ND GEN IMMIGRANTS (ABS 2006) 10.9% 2 ND GEN US 2008

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OVERVIEW OF AUSTRALIA'S MIGRATION HISTORY: 1. COLONIAL PERIOD (PROTECTIONISM) BRITISH PROTESTANTS ANGLO-SAXON (FIRST WAVE) CHARTER' (DOMINANT) GROUP MIGRATION OF SETTLEMENT (free settlers and convicts) 1850-MELANESIANS, KANAKASFEAR OF MISCEGENATION INDIANS; CHINESE1857 RACE RIOTS SOJOURNERS (guest workers) Gold rushes 1857 Restrictive legislation against the importation of Asian labour Attracting women migrants (FIRST IRISH CATHOLICSANGLO-CELTIC ETHNICS)JOINED CHARTER GROUPLABOUR PARTY, SCHOOLS (NORDICGERMAN PROTESTANTFREE SETTLERS AND 'ETHNIC'SCANDINAVIAN; POLES;ASSISTED PASSAGE GROUPS)HUNGARIANS HIERARCHY OF PREFERENCE 2. POST FEDERATION PERIOD (ASSIMILATION) IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION ACT (White Australia Policy) s

5 Source: Monash University, Federation Images

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 1. COLONIAL PERIOD (PROTECTIONISM) BRITISH PROTESTANTS ANGLO-SAXON (FIRST WAVE) CHARTER' (DOMINANT) GROUP 1850-MELANESIANS, KANAKASFEAR OF MISCEGENATION (SOJOURNERS) INDIANS; CHINESE1857 RACE RIOTS (FIRST IRISH CATHOLICSANGLO-CELTIC ETHNICS)JOINED CHARTER GROUPLABOUR PARTY, SCHOOLS (NORDICGERMAN PROTESTANTFREE SETTLERS AND 'ETHNIC'SCANDINAVIAN; POLES;ASSISTED PASSAGE GROUPS)HUNGARIANS HIERARCHY OF PREFERENCE 2. POST FEDERATION PERIOD (ASSIMILATION) IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION ACT (White Australia Policy) s 1901-PREFFERED BRITISH SETTLER MIGRATION 1950-JEWISH (MAINLY GERMAN)DISPLACED PERSONS ASSISTED PASSAGES - Free land offered to settlers 1922 EMPIRE SETTLEMENT ACT - Govt assistance to preferred migrants 1925 IMMIGRATION ACT OF 1925 AMENDMENT Power to exclude those unlikely to be readily assimilable

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES COLONIAL PERIOD (PROTECTIONISM) BRITISH PROTESTANTS ANGLO-SAXON (FIRST WAVE) CHARTER' (DOMINANT) GROUP 1850-MELANESIANS, KANAKASFEAR OF MISCEGENATION (SOJOURNERS) INDIANS; CHINESE1857 RACE RIOTS (FIRST IRISH CATHOLICSANGLO-CELTIC ETHNICS)JOINED CHARTER GROUPLABOUR PARTY, SCHOOLS (NORDICGERMAN PROTESTANTFREE SETTLERS AND 'ETHNIC'SCANDINAVIAN; POLES;ASSISTED PASSAGE GROUPS)HUNGARIANS HIERARCHY OF PREFERENCE POST FEDERATION PERIOD (ASSIMILATION) WHITE AUSTRALIA 1901-PREFFERED BRITISH SETTLER MIGRATION 1950-JEWISH (MAINLY GERMAN)DISPLACED PERSONS 3. POST WORLD WAR II PERIOD (INTEGRATION) POPULATE OR PERISH: (CATCH CRY) Population growth Defense against 'yellow peril‘ (Asian neighbours) Economic development Rejection of indigenous population 1950-(SOUTHERNGREEK; ITALIAN'NEW AUSTRALIANS' 1960EUROPEAN)SLAV; TURKISH HIERARCHY OF PREFERENCE 1947 ASSISTED PASSAGES TO CERTAIN GROUPS TEN POUND POM (ANGLO CONFORMITY) 1957 BRING OUT A BRIT

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 3. POST WORLD WAR II PERIOD (INTEGRATION) 1950-(SOUTHERNGREEK; ITALIAN'NEW AUSTRALIANS' 1960EUROPEAN)SLAV; TURKISH OF PREFERENCE 4. MULTICULTURAL PERIOD 1970 – 1990 (MULTICULTURALISM) FAMILY REUNION POLICY 1970s VIETNAMESE REFUGEE INTAKE 1980S LATIN AMERICA, ARICA 1990S MIDDLE EAST ONSHORE ASYLUM SEEKERS 5. POST MULTICULTURAL 2000 – (NEO-LIBERAL?) POINTS TEST (English language ability, preferred skills, education) SKILLED MIGRATION (certain professions) SPECIAL VISAS – ‘NEW’ ‘THIRD WAVE’ MIGRATION Working Holiday Maker – 18-30yrs, 1-2 year stay 457 Temporary Business Entry long stay (sponsored temporary residence up to 4 yrs)

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AUSTRALIAN MIGRATION HISTORY - ALL AUSTRALIANS… BUT SOME MORE THAN OTHERS (SARGENT)

MON 23 SEPT 2013 FACULTY OF ARTS, SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES LONDON COURT, PERTH CITY Official tourist destination

Front yard of private home in Albany, WA unofficial tourist destination

Australian diasporas transnational linkages ◦ Macedonian – 1,101 respondents ◦ Italian – 613 respondents ◦ Vietnamese – 466 respondents ◦ Tongan – 254 respondents Mixed method: survey, focus groups, interviews