Human Geography

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3 Physical features cause cultural barriers…

 Learn about supranationalism in Europe  Understand the nationalism that has thrown the region into armed conflict many times  What is nationalism? 4

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 Understand the formation of the European Union, and the evolution of a common currency, the euro  Become familiar with the locational, physical, demographic, cultural, political, and economic characteristics of Europe 6

 Let’s REVIEW these concepts and models: 7 Cold War Satellite nations Command Economy Capitalism/Market Economy Parliamentary Democracy Supranationalism Demographic Transition Core-Periphery Diffusion Globalization Secularization HEI Urban/rural Urbanization More/less developed

 Europe is diverse  Different climates, landforms, agricultural output  37 different countries  Many different languages and cultures  Long history of warfare, mostly along national lines  Europe is globalizing, was a major colonial power  European Union, a supranational organization  Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia broke up; Germany is reunited  Beginning of the Industrial Revolution  Center of 19 th century imperialism What is imperialism? 8

 Results of: classical civilizations, Christianity, the Renaissance & Reformation, the Enlightenment, and the Industrial and Scientific Revolutions.  Industrial Revolution started here:  This greatly altered many kinds of relationships in the world. The various countries within the realm have a history of interaction among themselves.  Has been highly influenced by “Western Culture” 9

 Factors to Europe’s Success  Place: climate conducive to production  Location: access to major waterways, centrally located (hearth)  Human Environment Interaction: abundance of coal and iron ore (makes steel!) >>>  Movement: maritime dominance, imperialism (What is imperialism?) 10

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Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 12 This imperialism cartoon appeared in August 15, 1900 issue of the American literary magazine Puck. In the cartoon, animals representing different countries are battling over China (seen as a dragon). During the Age of Imperialism, Asia was a popular target for extending an empire and dividing among these foreign powers. The bear represents Russia, the lion is Britain, the rooster is France, the eagle is Germany, the two-headed eagle is Austria, Japan is the tiger and the bald eagle is the United States. The artist gives the animals a vicious look as they hold weapons, display sharp teeth, or outstretch their claws. The artist’s depiction creates the feeling that imperialism in Asia was an uncivilized and ferocious because of the animals’ harsh appearance and by comparing the countries to beasts.

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European Union Began as European Economic Community (EEC), Stronger in new members joined, 2004 Turkey and Romania want to join but have faced resistance. Conflict in Ukraine? Russia vs. EU Mission: common foreign policies and mutual security agreements, greater economic integration and common currency

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Euroland: The European Monetary Union January 1, 1999: Eleven of the 15 EU member nations joined the European Monetary Union and adopted the euro The euro was a common currency for business and trade transactions On January 1, 2002, citizens in the “Euroland” countries began using the euro in their everyday lives 16

Turn to a partner and answer these questions together… 1. Explain what the European Realm is and what has influenced it? 2. Analyze what has contributed to Europe’s historical success. 3. What are the purposes of the European Union?

 Let’s act this out!!!  I need 10 people to stand up and come to the front 18

19  Population Density in the Core and Periphery million people in Europe (more than half a billion) - Highest densities (lots of people in smaller area) located in historic industrial core (England, Netherlands, N. France, N. Italy, Western Germany)

 The Landscapes of Urban Europe  Europe is highly urbanized Over 50% of the population in most countries live in urban areas (cities); 90% of the people in the UK and Belgium live in urban areas. 20

Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 21 RankUrban AreaStatePopulationDensity (per km²) Annual growth rate (%) 1Paris France 10,975,0003, London United Kingdom 10,149,0005, Ruhr area Germany 6,722,0002, Madrid Spain 6,183,0004, Milan Italy 5,264,0002,800−0.16 6Barcelona Spain 4,656,0004, Berlin Germany 4,006,0002, Rome Italy 3,798,0003, Naples Italy 3,726,0003, Athens Greece 3,515,0005,

 Clickthe link below to see size comparison!  ps/l/bl-country-size-comparison-map.htm ps/l/bl-country-size-comparison-map.htm Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 22

 Who can explain what the Demographic Transition Model is?  What are the stages? 23

 Stage one  Birth/death rate high  Fragile population  Stage two  Death rates decline  Birth rates still high  Natural increase high  Stage three  Death and birth rates decline  Decreasing growth  Stage Four  Birth/death rates are almost =  Zero Population Growth  Most Northern and Western European countries

25  Natural Growth: The Demographic Transition Model Europe continues to experience slow natural growth (birth rates lower than or almost equal to death rates What stage is this? New Stage? Immigration prevents population decline… Where have we seen this? Causes? Effects?

 Shrinking population rather than a growing population – below Zero Population Growth (ZPG)  Reaction to urbanization and the expense of raising children in urban/industrial societies – so fertility rates in some countries have dropped below 2.1  Industrialization and urbanization usually move a country to the fourth stage of the demographic transition 26

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Globalization & Diversity: Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff 28

Let’s answer these questions together… 1. Where do most people live in Europe? 2. What does high-density population mean? 3. What 2 countries have highest urban populations? 4. What stage of the DTM is most of Europe in? Why? 5. What are causes and effects of this?

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 Immigration has increased because of job opportunities  Europeans take mostly higher level, skilled jobs…leave lower level, physical labor jobs. Where have we seen this? Workers needed to keep up tax revenues, support retirees (what will happen to work force?)  EU working to establish common immigration policy throughout region Guest workers – migrant workers from other countries Germany has large immigrant population and other European countries have migrants from their former colonies Additional migration from Eastern to Western Europe in the 1990’s (after what?) 31

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