What is Corruption? Bribing someone or committing fraud to get an unfair advantage or for personal gain.

Example:  When an official accepts a bribe for personal gain in exchange for exemption from the law.

More than 5= LESS CORRUPT Less than 5 = MORE CORRUPT!!!

3 Types of Corruption Political – Corruption taking place at the highest levels of political power (President, Ministers, & Senators taking and giving bribes.) Bureaucratic – Corruption occurring in the private administration (People in City Hall, County administration, and law enforcement.) Electoral – Fraud in voting during an election. (Casting a vote for someone else.)

Examples in Africa:  In Zambia, you can’t get a job or attend school if you don’t bribe someone in higher power.  In Liberia, the war against corruption can only be fought successfully, if all the corrupt office holders are kicked out of government.  In Botswana, there is ZERO tolerance for corruption. It is illegal to offer or ask for a bribe.

Nigeria is the most corrupt country in Africa, and ranked third in the world by many corruption watchdog groups Studies show that countries that have oil-based economies tend to be corrupt Nigerian government doesn’t take action against local corruption Industry sources say at least 100,000 barrels, or 4 percent, of national oil exports are stolen every day in Nigeria, the world's eighth largest exporter Corruption has become so widespread in Nigeria that it has become a part of day to day life

Corruption in Kenya  Kenya is slowly replacing Nigeria as the most corrupt country in Africa  Examples: Kenyan adults pay about 2,670 Kenyan shillings (35USD) yearly to the police as a “Bribery Tax”; Forged university degrees from some of the countries most prestigious schools are sold on the floor below the offices of the permanent secretary at the Ministry of Education; Foreigners can purchase a Kenyan passport at the Immigration Ministry.  The government has tried to take actions against corruption including forming the short-lived KACA (Kenyan Anti-Corruption Authority) which had a purpose to identify corrupt practices and eliminate and persecute them. It was disbanded after 2 years in 1999 because a constitutional court declared it illegal.  The Goldberg Scandal – Cost Kenya 60 billion Kenyan Shillings (About 1/5 of Kenya’s total GDP or Gross Domestic Product). In 1990, the government gave a 20-percent premium on foreign currency deposited in Kenya’s Central Bank hoping to persuade exporters to return their hard currency earnings. Kamlesh Pattni’s company, Goldenberg International (claiming to have processed gold and diamonds for export), looted the money from Kenya’s Central Bank through loopholes in the system and help from government officials and the president.

Effects on Africa: oCorruption costs the economy of Africa $148 billion dollars a year. (Officials use money meant for farming for wrong purposes.) oBy increasing the cost of goods and services, corruption holds back development. oIncreases the cost of goods as much as 20%. oThe people that are already in poverty are affected the most by corruption.

Fighting Corruption:  Make sure that what you are doing is not against the law. (Nobody can say it’s illegal)  Name and shame those responsible! (Point out people who do wrong.)  Develop transparent systems of authority at all levels. (All actions being taken are known.)  All the offenders should face the full punishment of the law. (If they do wrong, then they will be prosecuted.)