Living In Africa South of the Sahara Ch 22.1 Living In Africa South of the Sahara

Agriculture Colonial Legacy used as resource for raw materials countries only grew one crop cacao, coffee, rubber, oil,

Agriculture Farming Methods commercial farming – business 75% world’s palm oil 80% world’s peanuts 75% world’s cacao 66% world’s sisal – rope

Agriculture subsistence farming – farm to live shifting farming – move to find better soil sedentary farming – permanent settlement

Agriculture Problems lack technology to increase food production lack money to improve farm machinery or buy fertilizer.

Forests and Seas Forest cover 25% of Africa teak, ebony, walnut, rosewood Lumber industry hurt by poor transportation and lack of capital coastal countries with rainforests export less than 10% of world’s supply

Forests and Seas Commercial fishing developed slowly – mainly SW tuna, sardines, anchovies, mackerel

Mining South Africa has most minerals Gold deposit 300 mi. long – Transvaal – 1/2 the worlds known gold reserve Leading producer of gem diamonds, platinum, chromium, vanadium, manganese One of richest nations in region – GDP $215 billion most goes to outside investors or owners.

Mining S. Africa continued Guinea – bauxite reserve Gap in household income between Blacks and Whites – B = $3,614 W = 21,707 Guinea – bauxite reserve Congo – diamonds, and copper Nigeria – huge oil, OPEC member

Manufacturing Small part of economy Many raw material but few processing centers Late 1990’s only 15% of regions GDP from manufacturing – varies depending on country Obstacles – lack of capital, political turmoil, lack of skilled workers or transportation.

Manufacturing Hydroelectricity remains untapped leads to poverty Regional trading association – Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

http://www.ecowas.int/

Transportation and Communication Efforts to create not been successful few paved roads few phones more radios Train and airplane are most successful method

Railroad Kenya National Railroad – Nairobi to coastal cities built by British allowed hauling of raw material to port other railroads followed

Improving transportation Wars and lack of funds have caused a decline in highways and railways regions size and unfavorable terrain made difficult to find new routes few harbors and navigable rivers government owned airlines have international and domestic service Intl. airports – Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Nairobi, Kenya, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dakar, Senegal

OIL pipelines in Tanzania, Zambia, Sudan, South Africa, and Nigeria

Railroads – Great Uhuru Railroad – Congo to Tanzania overland routes stopped by war or lack of funds

D.R. Congo

Mass Communication lack of newsprint, low literacy rate telephone service is limited Chad 1-1,209, Kenya 1-111 most effective is radio Chad 1-4, Kenya 1-11 T.V. – rerun American shows, urban areas, educational tool.