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Management of Information Technology Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Internet and Information Systems Asst. Prof. Wichai Bunchua

1 January 3 Why Learn About the Internet? Internet is an important part of most people’s lives Individuals can investigate career opportunities Businesses sell and advertise online Employees can communicate with coworkers and bosses

1 January 4 The Internet Internet: ?

1 January 5 The Internet Internet: a collection of interconnected networks, all freely exchanging information ARPANET Ancestor of the Internet Project started by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) in 1969

1 January 6 The Internet Table 1: A Brief History of the Internet

1 January 7 Internet Hosts

1 January 8 How the Internet Works Internet transmits data from one computer (called a host) to another If the receiving computer is on a network to which the first computer is directly connected, it can send the message directly If the receiving computer is not on a network to which the sending computer is connected, the sending computer relays the message to another computer that can forward it Data is passed in chunks called packets

1 January 9 How the Internet Works (continued)

1 January How the Internet Works Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Transport-layer protocol that most Internet applications use with IP Internet Protocol (IP): communication standard that enables traffic to be routed from one network to another as needed Backbone One of the Internet’s high-speed, long- distance communications links

1 January How the Internet Works (continued) Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Responsible for managing IP addresses and Internet domain names Has authority to resolve domain name disputes Cyber-squatters Register domain names in the hope of selling them to corporations or people

1 January Domain Name Registrations (2000-)

1 January How the Internet Works (continued) Accessing the Internet Connect via LAN Server Connect via Dial-up Connect via High-Speed Service Connect Wirelessly

1 January How the Internet Works (continued)

1 January Internet Service Providers Any company that provides individuals or organizations with access to the Internet Most charge a monthly fee

1 January เครือข่ายผู้ให้บริการ บริษัท กสท. โทรคมนาคม จำกัด ( มหาชน ) บริษัท อินเทอร์เน็ตประเทศไทย จำกัด ( มหาชน ) บริษัท สามารถอินโฟเนต จำกัด บริษัท ทีทีแอนด์ที จำกัด ( มหาชน ) บริษัท ทีโอที จำกัด ( มหาชน ) บริษัท ซีเอส ล็อกซอินโฟ จำกัด ( มหาชน ) บริษัท ทรู อินเทอร์เน็ต จำกัด Internet Service Providers (continued)

1 January The World Wide Web

1 January The World Wide Web Collection of tens of millions of server computers that work together as one in an Internet Hyperlink Highlighted text or graphics in a Web document that, when clicked, opens a new Web page

1 January The World Wide Web The World Wide Web was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, The European Organization for Neuclear Research in Geneva [Center Europeane pour la Recherche Nucleaire]

1 January WWW Growth

1 January The World Wide Web (continued) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Standard page description language for Web pages HTML tags Let the browser know how to format text Extensible Markup Language (XML) Markup language for Web documents containing structured information Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) File or portion of an HTML file that defines the visual appearance of content in a Web page

1 January The Internet Client Web Browser HTTPD Web Server Web Site HTML Document index.html HTML Documents/ Linked Files REQUEST Web Page Home Page HTTP Web Documents index.html The World Wide Web (continued)

1 January Web Browsers Web browser: software that creates a unique, hypermedia-based menu on a computer screen, providing a graphical interface to the Web Menu consists of graphics, titles, and text with hypertext links Popular Web browsers: Microsoft Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Firefox, Apple Computer’s Safari Uniform Resource Locator (URL) An assigned address on the Internet for each compute

1 January Web Browsers (continued)

1 January Search Engines and Web Research Search engine: Web search tool Examples: Yahoo.com, Google.com Most search engines are free Searches can use words, such as AND and OR to refine the search Meta-search engine: submits keywords to several individual search engines and returns results from all these search engines

1 January Search Engines and Web Research (continued) Table 6 Popular Search Engines

1 January Web Programming Languages Java Object-oriented programming language from Sun Microsystems based on C++ Allows small programs (applets) to be embedded within an HTML document Other languages Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight

1 January Web Programming Languages (continued) Figure : Downloading an Applet from a Web Server

1 January Developing Web Content Popular tools for creating Web pages and managing Web sites: Adobe Dreamweaver, Microsoft Expression Web, and Nvu Popular publishing options: ISPs, free sites, and Web hosting Mash-up Process of mixing two or more hip-hop songs into one song 29

1 January Developing Web Content Suggestions for creating a Web page Computer must be linked to a Web server Web browser program needed to view the HTML pages you create Options for designing the Web page Write your copy with a word processor, and use an HTML converter to convert the page into HTML format Use an HTML editor to write text and add HTML tags Edit an existing HTML template to meet your needs Use an ordinary text editor and type the start and end tags for each item

1 January Internet and Web Applications The types of Internet and Web applications available are vast and ever expanding

1 January Business Uses of the Web In 1991, Commercial Internet Exchange (CIX) Association was established to allow businesses to connect to the Internet Firms use the Internet for many types of applications

1 January Internet and Web Applications Search engines and Web research Search engines Have become important to businesses as a tool to drive visitors to the business’ Web site SEO has become a valuable marketing tool

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1 January , Instant Messaging, and Video Chat No longer limited to simple text messages Can embed sound and images Can attach files Instant messaging Online, real-time communication between two or more people who are connected to the Internet

1 January Internet Cell Phones and Handheld Computers Cell phones connected to the Internet allow people to search for information, buy products, and chat with business associates and friends Short Message Service (SMS) or texting Brief text messages can be sent between two or more cell phone users Handheld computers and other devices are connected to the Internet using phone lines or wireless connections

1 January Career Information and Job Searching Search engines Good starting point for searching for specific companies or industries Job sites

1 January Telnet, SSH, and FTP Telnet Network protocol that enables users to log on to networks remotely over the Internet Secure Shell (SSH) Provides Telnet functionality through a more secure connection File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Supports file transfers between a host and a remote computer

1 January SSH Secure Shell File Transfer Upload Download

1 January Web Log (Blog), Video Log (Vlog), and Podcasting Web log (blog) Web site that people create and use to write about their observations, experiences, and feelings on a wide range of topics Podcast Audio broadcast over the Internet An audio blog

1 January Usenet and Newsgroups Usenet Uses to provide a centralized news service Topic are called newsgroups Protocol that describes how groups of messages can be stored on and sent between computers

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1 January Chat Rooms Enable two or more people to engage in interactive “conversations” over the Internet Internet Relay Chat (IRC) Requires participants to type their conversation rather than speak

1 January Internet Phone and Videoconferencing Services Internet phone service Relatively inexpensive, especially for international calls Voice-over-IP (VoIP) technology Network managers can route phone calls and fax transmissions over the same network they use for data Internet videoconferencing Supports both voice and visual communications

1 January Social Networks Facebook Provides an application development platform so that technically proficient members can create applications to run within Facebook The U.S. intelligence community Is adopting social networking to share information among operatives and analysts Twitter Allows members to report on what they are doing throughout the day

1 January Facebook Accounts

1 January Media Sharing YouTube Allows members to post homemade video content Flickr Allows members to upload photos to their own personal online photo album and choose photos to share with the community

1 January Social Bookmarking Purpose To provide a view of the most popular Web sites, videos, blog articles, or other Web content at any given moment Popular social bookmarking sites del.icio.us Digg

1 January Content Streaming Method for transferring multimedia files, radio broadcasts, and other content over the Internet Enables users to browse large files in real time

1 January Shopping on the Web Amazon Shorts Has stories that vary in length from 2,000 to 10,000 words Bot (intelligent agent) Software tool that searches the Web for information, products, or prices

1 January Web Auctions Web auction A way to connect buyers and sellers eBay Popular auction site Easy to use and includes thousands of products and services in many categories Auction sites Cannot always determine whether the people and companies listing products and services are legitimate

1 January Music, Radio, Video, and TV on the Internet Radio broadcasts are now available on the Internet Video and TV are also becoming available Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) protocol Used to put TV programming on the Internet

1 January E-Books and Audio Books Digital books, both in text and audio form Are growing in popularity thanks to appealing devices and services Audio books Have become more popular due to the popularity of the iPod and services like audible.com

1 January Office on the Web Internet office Web site that contains files, phone numbers, addresses, an appointment calendar, and more Allows your desktop computer, phone books, appointment schedulers, and other important information to be with you wherever you are

1 January Other Internet Services and Applications Internet Can provide critical information during times of disaster Can be used to translate words, sentences, or complete documents from one language into another Facilitates distance learning, which has dramatically increased in the last several years

1 January Intranets and Extranets Intranet Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and technologies Extranet Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners Virtual private network (VPN) Secure connection between two points on the Internet

1 January Intranets and Extranets

1 January Net Issues Management issues ประเด็น Preventing attacks Service and speed issues Keeping up with Internet traffic and traffic on company intranets Privacy, fraud, security, and unauthorized Internet sites People and companies are reluctant to embrace the Internet unless these issues are successfully addressed

1 January Summary The Internet started with ARPANET Internet Protocol (IP) The set of conventions used to pass packets from one host to another Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Other protocol used with IP The Web Collection of tens of millions of servers that work together as one in an Internet service

1 January Summary (continued) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Standard page description language for Web pages Internet and Web applications include: Web browsers, , Telnet, FTP, Web logs (blogs), podcasts, Usenet and newsgroups, chat rooms Telnet and SSH Enable you to log on to remote computers Online social networks Provide Web-based tools for users to share information about themselves with others

1 January Summary (continued) Intranet Internal corporate network built using Internet and World Wide Web standards and products Extranet Network that links selected resources of the intranet of a company with its customers, suppliers, or other business partners Management issues, service, and speed affect all networks

1 January Questions?Questions?

1 January Assignment#9Assignment#9 9a. โปรโตคอล (Protocol) นั้นคืออะไร โปรโตคอลหลักของอินเทอร์เน็ตคืออะไร ทำ หน้าที่อะไร 9b. เว็บเบราเซอร์คืออะไร เมื่อเราเรียกดูเว็บ เพจ เว็บเบราเซอร์ทำอะไร อย่างไร

1 January ส วั ส ดี