Masters Theses Competition 2008 Krissada Chalermsook (104512) A Semantics-based and Flexible Framework for Web Services Composition

Agenda Proposed Framework 23 Evaluation Conclusions 41 Introduction

Agenda Proposed Framework 23 Evaluation Conclusions 41 Introduction

 Web Services  Semantic Web Services  Web Services Discovery  Web Services Composition  Web Services Invocation  Semantic Web Services Challenge  Semantic Web Services Framework  Objective

Web Services  Today’s world, the need of cooperation between enterprise has increased  Web services was designed to support interoperable machine to machine interaction over a network  3 roles- service provider, service requesters and service registry

Semantic Web Service  When time passes, the number of web services has increased -> hard for human to read and select the services.  Automate Web services operations  Service Providers can add more information to Web Services and machine can process that information  Service Requestors also can specify the goal to find Web services in the way that machine can process and return the matched Web services  Computer should has Domain knowledge that help in processing the information

Automation Tasks of Semantic Web Services  Web Services Discovery  Web Services Invocation  Web Services Composition

Web Services Discovery  Discover the appropriate Web services based on a request’s properties  Ex. Find the Notebook-selling Web services that have Fujitsu notebook

Manual VS. Automatic Web Services Discovery Ex. Buying Fujitsu Notebook  Manual  Automatic (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok (WS)NotebookStore Chiangmai Web Page show Notebooks sold in Notebookstore Bangkok Web Page show Notebooks sold in Notebookstore Chiangmai 1.Read 2. Choose (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok (WS)NotebookStore Chiangmai Semantic Markup show Notebooks sold in Notebookstore Bangkok Semantic Markup show Notebooks sold in Notebookstore Chiangmai 1. I want to find Nookbookshop that have Fujitsu brand 2.Read 3. Choose 4.Result 2.Read Apple IBM Fujitsu IBM Domain Knowledge Apple Fujitsu IBM Other 1000 Notebook Stores Web Services Future

Web Services Invocation  Execute an identified Web service  Example - Execute Notebook Web services to buy the notebook

Manual VS. Automatic Web Services Invocation  Manual  Automatic (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok Web Page for users to fill information for buying Web services Endpoint 1.Execute by user- Interface 1.Execute by Http- request (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok Semantic Markup for Web services Invocation 1. I want to buy Fujitsu lifebook model AAA from NotebookStore Bangkok Domain Knowledge 2. Read and Invoke

Web Service Composition  Different users have different requirements of Web Services  Only 1 service cannot fulfill user’s requirement – Ex. travel (reserve hotel, flight, car rental), buy notebook and docking station (notebookshop, notebook docking shop, shipment)  Compose many services into one service to get new function.  Make Web services reusable – one Web services can be used in many compositions – Ex. Shipment Service  Book Shop  Notebook Shop  Reusability reduce development time and effort for new applications

Web Service Composition No condition (WS)BookStore Phuket I want to -Buy notebook - Ship notebook to my house (WS)BookStore Chiangmai (WS)BookStore Krabi (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok (WS)Shipment Company Eastern (WS)Shipment Company Western (WS)Shipment Company Central (WS)Shipment Company North 16 Composition

Web Service Composition With Condition ( WS)NoteBookStore Phuket I want to -Buy Fujitsu Notebook - Ship notebook to my house I live in Bangkok ( WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai ( WS)NoteBookStore Krabi (WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok (WS)Shipment Company Eastern (WS)Shipment Company Western (WS)Shipment Company Central (WS)Shipment Company North 1 Composition Fujitsu IBM Apple IBM Apple IBM

Manual Web Services Composition Web page 1.Read Web Page that contains notebook information 2. Choose NotebookStore Bangkok (Have Fujitsu) 3.Read Web Page that contain shipments information 4. Choose Shipment Company Central (can ship to Bangkok) (WS)BookStore Phuket (WS)BookStore Chiangmai (WS)BookStore Krabi (WS)NotebookStore Bangkok (WS)Shipment Company Eastern (WS)Shipment Company Western (WS)Shipment Company Central (WS)Shipment Company North Web page

(WS)Shipment Company Eastern (WS)Shipment Company Central I ship to Eastern I ship to Central I sell notebook Fujitsu and IBM I sell notebook Apple and IBM I want to buy Fujisu notebook and ship it to my house in Bangkok Process (WS)Shipment Company Central + (WS) NoteBookStore Bangkok Domain Knowledge (WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai (WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok Machine Understandable Information Automatic Web Service Composition Send Answers

Semantic Web Services Challenge  Organization set up problem for evaluation of Semantic Web services  Set up Semantic Web services problems and let participant find the solutions  Problem includes  Web services discovery  Web services invocation  Web services composition

Framework for Semantic Web services  There are many frameworks nowadays  The framework cannot solve some problems because there are limitation in technologies each framework used

PoliMi-Cefriel (WebML)  Glue discovery framework for Web service discovery  Composition using WebML - a graphical CASE tool which can model in Top-down approach  Glue discovery engine is not expressive enough to model the “work day” (Monday – Friday)  The framework cannot handle complex compositions.

DERI (WSMX)  Model Web services composition using Abstract State Machine logic which is complicated for services providers and services requesters  Do not have temporal reasoning

FSU Jena (DIANE)  DSD for discovery the services and compose the results using BPEL  Manually create BPEL process in composition tasks  Cannot do the arithmetic computations on time instances

Problems Level for each Framework using SWS Challenge

Characteristic of Good Semantic Web Services Framework  Completeness  Flexibility  Ease to use

Completeness  The completeness – the service composition frameworks can compose or discover solution services from a set of services based on user specific goal if that set has at least one solution.

Completeness (WS)NoteBookStore Phuket I want to -Buy book - Ship book to my house I live in Bangkok (WS)NoteBookStore Chiangmai (WS)NoteBookStore Krabi (WS)NoteBookStore Bangkok (WS)Shipment Company Eastern (WS)Shipment Company Western (WS)Shipment Company Central (WS)Shipment Company North the service composition approaches can find this answer

Flexibility  Flexibility – the framework can solve new kinds of problem with little effort – (little changes of code or not at all) 1. Buy Notebook Ship notebook to home 2. Buy NotebookShip notebook to home Buy Notebook Docking

Ease to Use  The ease of a language for annotating services BookStore Location = Bangkok SellOnlyCartoon Book Every Book cost > 50 baht Bangkok Cartoon ….

Objective  To develop a framework and prototype system for Semantic Web Services discovery and composition with  Completeness  Flexibility  Ease to use for service providers  To evaluate the propose framework with other works done before by using Semantic Web Services Challenge scenario to be case study.

Agenda Proposed Framework 23 Evaluation Conclusions 41 Introduction

Proposed Framework  An Example problem  Step to use the system  Requirements  System Design  Solution to Web services discovery and composition

An Example Problem  Buy Notebook  3 shops  Buy Notebook Docking Station  3 shops (Same as Notebook shops)  Ship Notebook  5 shippers Buy Notebook Ship notebook to home Buy Notebook docking station

A Requester’s preference  Buy Notebook  Any brand  Harddisk >= 40 Gb  Ram >= 512 Mb  Buy Notebook Docking station  Compatible with notebook  Ship Notebook  Ship to NewYork  The notebook’s weight is 100 lb

Step to use the system Sets of Services (Only names of services) Composition Management Module BPEL Engine BPR File Composed Service Old Composed Service Discovery Management Module 1.Services providers create Web services annotation 2.Services providers create Ontologies and Mediators 3.Administrator Create Rule 4.Services requesters specify goal 5.The system discover the services 6.The system generate the BPEL process archive file and publish to server

Requirements of System  Service Providers can annotate service in WSMO Web Service form.  Service Providers can use the mediator to match the system ontology with their ontology  Service Requestors can specify goal in WSMO Goals form and get the correct composed Web Service.  Administrators can add more rules.  The system can compose the Active- BPEL archive file and result in new composed Web Service

Requirements of System  If there are many composition results, the system can rank the result based on service requestors preferences by using Quality of Web Service (Availability, Accessibility, Integrity, Performance, Reliability, Regulatory, Security).

System Design  finalThesis\figures\system-design.jpg finalThesis\figures\system-design.jpg

Solution to Web services discovery and composition  How can we select and compose the services using XET Discovery Management Module

Web services discovery and composition  For Web services discovery  Consider only discovery of 1 Web service – shipment Web service to: NewYork package weight: 100 lbs  For Web services composition  Buy Any Notebook At least 512 MB RAM At least 40 GB HDD  Buy Notebook Docking station Compatible with notebook  Ship the notebook to: NewYork package weight: 100 lbs

XET for Web Services Discovery  XET concept = solve main problem by transforming the main problem into sub- problems and solve sub-problems  Main problem = Find Web services that match the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition and postcondition + constraints in destination and weight)  Subproblem 1 = Find the Web services  pre(WebService) = pre(Goal)  post(WebService) = post(Goal)  Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that meet all constraints  Sub-subproblem 1 = destination  Sub-subproblem 2 = weight

XET Execution Rule Head Body Query (Goal) (Main problem) 1.Match 2. Execute body (Sub problems)

Web services composition problems Buy Notebook Ship notebook to home Buy Notebook Docking

XET for Web Services Composition  Main problem = Find Web services that match the user’s goal (functions in term of precondition and postcondition + constraints)  Subproblem 1 = If pre(Goal) = A and Post(Goal)= B, find the sequences of Web services W0, W1,.., Wn that  Subproblem 2 = Find the Web services that meet all constraints Notebook Conditions Notebook Docking Conditions Shipment Conditions W0W1 WnW2 … A BA1 A2

XET for Web Services Composition(Con’t)  The sequence of service was passed to Composition management module to generate everything that Active-BPEL Engine need  The result of the composition is a newly composed Web services

Semantic Inference Problem – Compose Notebook and Notebook Docking Station (Inter Constraints)  Select Web services that have compatible docking stations  If the notebook is HP, the notebook docking station must support HP

Solution  Ontologies of the notebook docking station and including notebook model that it support instance a memberOf DockingStation gtin hasValue "a " price hasValue "199" category hasValue "DockingStation" brand hasValue "IBM" name hasValue "IBM-Dockingstation" formodel hasValue "a "

Composition Module 1.Bargainer service(Notebook) 2.Hawker service(Notebook Docking) 3.Muller service (Shipment) Composition Management Module Discovery Management Module BPEL Engine BPR File New Service Old Composed Service Generate BPEL, WSDL and Other files from the services Given from Discovery Management Module

Agenda Proposed Framework 23 Evaluation Conclusions 41 Introduction

Evaluation  Evaluation criteria  Ease of Use  Completeness  Flexibility

Ease of Use  No logic is needed for services providers and services requesters  Some solutions need logic  Comparison of Features with other frameworks.Features

Completeness  Can solve all problem in SWS challenge  Comparison of Problems that the framework can solve with other frameworks.Problems

Flexibility  Moving from the mediation problem V.1 (4 processes) to mediation problem V.2 (6 processes) need only the change in description code.  Comparison of Flexibility with other frameworks.Flexibility

Agenda Proposed Framework 23 Evaluation Conclusions 41 Introduction

Conclusion  The research proposed a unified framework for Web services discovery and composition  The framework makes use of XDD, WSMO and BPEL  The framework can solve every problem in SWS challenge  The framework needs only a change in description code when moving from mediation problem V.1 (4 processes) to mediation problem V.2 (6 processes)  Service providers and requesters do not need to know any knowledge when using the framework

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