Discovering Computers Chapter 2 The Internet and World Wide Web TED - ideas worth spreading

2 Ch 4 Processor Control Unit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Input Devices Ch 5 Storage Devices Ch 7 Output Devices Ch 6 Memory Data Information Instructions Data Information Control Unit Ch 1 – Introduction Ch 2 – Internet & WWW Ch 3 – Application Software Ch 8 – System Software

3 What is a network? A collection of connected computers

Backbone of the Internet Internet is the worldwide network that connects businesses, governments, schools, and individuals

Providers

6 Providers of Internet An access provider is a business that provides access to the Internet (free or for a fee) 1. Internet Service Provider (ISP), Regional or National 2. Online Service Provider (OSP) (AOL, MSN, for example) 3. Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)

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IP (Internet Protocol) address Domain name is the text version of Internet protocol (IP) address DNS server translates the domain name into IP address Is a number that uniquely identifies each computer connected to the Internet

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Broadband high-speed connection Slow-speed technology How do you connect to Internet? Dial-up access modem in your computer uses a standard telephone line to connect to the Internet Digital subscriber line (DSL) Cable ISP Wireless ISP Cellular broadband Power line communication Satellite broadband Digital subscriber line (DSL) Cable ISP Wireless ISP Cellular broadband Power line communication Satellite broadband

High-speed broadband Internet service 11 Cable Intern et servic e DSL Fiber to the Premi ses (FTT P ) Fixed wirel ess Cellul ar Radio Netw ork Wi-Fi Satell ite Intern et Servi ce

What we do online? Communicate Research Shop Bank Trade EntertainmentDownload Music Share Videos Web Application 12

Functions of Internet WWW Message board and News group Chat rooms and Instant messaging VOIP (as Google Talk) E-commerce File transfer Multimedia Virtual reality

14 What is the World Wide Web (WWW)? Billions of documents, called Web pages, linked together on computers throughout the world Web page Contains text, graphics, sound, or video and links to other Web pages

What is ?  Short for electronic mail  The transmission of messages and files via a computer network  The original service on the Internet

Multimedia An application that combines text with: 16

A graphic is a digital representation of nontext information Graphic formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG, and TIFF 17

A thumbnail is a small version of a larger graphic 18

Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of still images in sequence Catching a mouse 19

What is streaming audio / video? The process of transferring audio/video in a continuous and even flow Enables you to listen/view audio/video as it downloads to your computer

Downloading vs. streaming Soon the speed of wireless downloading will exceed the speed necessary for viewing a motion picture At the same time wireless broadband will be everywhere Then all line connections (telephone, DSL, cable) will become obsolete Streaming on the move, paying for the content not for the delivery. 21

What is virtual reality (VR)?  Use of computers to simulate real or imagined environment  Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space  Used for games and many practical applications

Business to business (B2B) Business providing goods and services to other businesses Consumer to consumer (C2C) One consumer sells directly to another What is E-commerce? Business to consumer (B2C) Sale of goods to general public  Short for electronic commerce  Business transaction that occurs over the Internet

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IM (instant messaging)  A real-time service that notifies you when one or more of your people are online and allows you to exchange messages or files

What is a chat room?  Real-time typed conversation that takes place on a computer  Chat room is location on server that permits users to discuss topics of interest

VoIP (Voice over Internet) enables users to speak to other users over the Internet  Also called Internet telephony 27

Message Board A message board is a Web- based discussion group 28

Downloading /uploading  Downloading is the process of a computer receiving information  Uploading is the process of a computer sending information

FTP FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is an Internet standard that permits file uploading and downloading with other computers on the Internet Many operating systems include FTP capabilities An FTP server is a computer that allows users to upload and/or download files using FTP 30

 The transmission of messages and files via a computer network  Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments, such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips  Internet access providers usually provide an program

What is an address?  Unique name that consists of a user name and domain name of user’s server

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An program allows you to:  Create  Attach files to  Send to a individual or a group  Receive  Forward  Reply to  Print  Delete  Move s between folders Maintain your address book Scheduling 34

A mailing list is a group of names and addresses given a single name  Subscribing adds your name and address  Unsubscribing removes your name To a message different types of files can be attached Attached file can be read, viewed or listen to An address book, a calendar, a scheduling book are supported by an program. Gmail provides Voice Over Internet (Gmail) Some programs include anti-spam features and other ways of filtering 35

36 1. Using software, you create and send a message 2. Your software contacts software on your service provider 3. Your service provider determines best route for data and sends message, which travels along Internet routers to the recipient 4. When recipient uses e- mail software to check for e- mail messages, the message transfers from incoming mail server to recipient’s computer

What is good with ? is a natural service similar to post office. It explains its usefulness. It’s ubiquitous. It allows exchange of information between individuals and groups and does that well. is free, open, protocols used to encode and transfer are not owned by anyone. 37

is weak on collaboration and its descendents (instant messaging, blogs) allow online discussions, but they are not well suited for that: you are easily lost in the deluge of messages. allow some collaboration on documents but it is problematic: the deluge of different versions of attached documents is hard to reconcile. 38

39 World Wide Web (WWW) Web pages, linked together throughout the world Web page Contains text, graphics, sound, or video and links to other Web pages Web site Collection of related Web pages Web browser Program used to access and view Web page Search engine Program used to select Web pages according to a criteria and evaluate them

Tim Berners-Lee 40 WWW was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in He was working at CERN, and wanted a way for physicists to share information about their research – the World Wide Web was his solution.

The World Wide Web, or Web, consists of a worldwide collection of electronic documents (Web pages) A Web site is a collection of related Web pages and associated items A Web server is a computer that delivers requested Web pages to your computer 41

What is a URL? Uniform Resource Locator Unique address for a Web page You can use your Web browser to access a Web page using a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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Web publishing is the development and maintenance of Web pages 44 Plan a Web site Analyze and design a Web site Create a Web site Deploy a Web site Maintain a Web site

What is a Web browser? Internet Explorer Netscape Firefox  Program that allows you to view Web pages and provides access to other functions of the Internet Chrome Safari

Plug-ins  Programs that extend the capability of a browser  You can download many plug-ins at no cost from various Web sites

Tabbed browsing allows you to open and view multiple Web pages in a single Web browser window 47

How a Webpage travels the Internet?

What is a home page?  The first page that a Web site displays  Provides connections to other Web pages

What is a hyperlink (link)?  Item found elsewhere on same Web page  Different Web page at same Web site  Web page at a different Web site  A file on the same computer  An service  Built-in connection to another related Web page location

WWW in plain English

Advocacy Blog Wiki Social Network ContentPersonal Portal What are the basic types of Web sites? News Infor mation Business/ Marketing Edu cation Enter tainment Podcast

What is a portal?  A Web site that offers a variety of services from one, convenient location  …, sports, , news, weather, auctions, online communities (Web sites that join people with similar interests) MSN portal

What is a news Web site?  Contains newsworthy material  Stories and articles relating to current events, life, money, sports, and the weather National Public Radio

What is an informational Web site?  Contains factual information  Created by organizations and government agencies Home improvement

What is a business/marketing Web site?  Contains content that promotes products or services  Allows you to purchase products or services online AT&T - Phone service, DIRECTV, Wireless, DSL Internet

What is an educational Web site?  Learn how airplanes fly or how to cook a meal  Some colleges offer online classes and degrees Technology Review  Offers avenues for formal and informal teaching and learning

What is an entertainment Web site?  Offers an interactive and engaging environment featuring music, video, sports, games, and more YouTube

What is an advocacy Web site?  Contains content that describes a cause, opinion, or idea SOLIDARITY, SUSTAINABILITY, AND NON-VIOLENCE

Blog / Vlog uses a regularly updated journal format to reflect the interests, opinions, and personalities of the author and sometimes site visitors 60 How to Vlog? Click on the picture to learn What is a Blog? Click on the picture

What are Wikies?  Collaborative Web site that allows users to create, add to, modify, or delete the Web site content via their Web browser

What is a content aggregator?  Business that gathers and organizes Web content and then distributes, or feeds, the content to subscribers for free or a fee News aggregator

What is an online social network?  Encourages members to share their interests, ideas, stories, photos, music, and photos  Media sharing Web site 

What is a personal Web site?  Web page maintained by private individual or family  Reasons: sharing life experience with the world or job hunting 

What is a podcast?  A website containing audio files that can be downloaded and played on the computer or MP3 players

WWW Information presented on the Web must be evaluated for accuracy No one oversees the content of Web pages 66

Search Find Web sites and Web pages by entering words or phrases called search text Also called a keyword Any Web site that is listed as the result of a search is a hit

68 Search engine Finds information related to a specific topic Subject directory Classifies Web pages in an organized set of categories

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The history of Google’s search engine In 1996 two PhD students Larry Page and Sergey Brin at Stanford University in California worked on a research project. They believed that a search engine that analyzed the relationships between websites would produce better ranking of results than existing techniques, which ranked results according to the number of times the search term appeared on a page. 70

The search engine Convinced that the pages with the most links to them from other highly relevant web pages must be the most relevant pages associated with the search, Page and Brin developed their search engine. The company was incorporated as Google Inc. in 1998 at a friend's garage. Both Brin and Page had been against an "advertising funded search engines" model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the topic while still students. However, they soon changed their minds. 71

Google’s triumvirate: Eric E. Schmidt, Larry Page, Sergey Brin 72

Intelligent search

Search engine: present vs. future Question: key-words vs. understanding the question Search: look for matches between documents and key words vs. use statistical analyses and computational linguistic to search through a huge documents base Answer: sorted list of prospects vs. the precise answer

What is netiquette? Golden Rule: Treat others as you would like them to treat you.  Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while on the Internet

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