N. J. DiNardo, M. Vallières Drexel University J. M. Vohs, W. R. Graham, R. J. Composto University of Pennsylvania F. Fontaine, T. Cumberbatch Cooper Union Quantum Structure of Materials A Multi-faceted Approach in Teaching Introductory Solid State Materials

FIE 98 Key Motivating Factors New materials technologies - quantum, nanoscale New curricular mandates –Engineering up-front - Drexel's E 4 Curriculum –Inverted curricula - Capstone courses –Interdisciplinary engineering practice - Materials –Intra/inter-institutional projects - Gateway Coalition –ABET 2000 criteria New nanoscale materials characterization tools - Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) New instructional tools - computation, modules, www New materials technologies - quantum, nanoscale New curricular mandates –Engineering up-front - Drexel's E 4 Curriculum –Inverted curricula - Capstone courses –Interdisciplinary engineering practice - Materials –Intra/inter-institutional projects - Gateway Coalition –ABET 2000 criteria New nanoscale materials characterization tools - Scanning Probe Microscopes (SPMs) New instructional tools - computation, modules, www

FIE 98 Objectives Build upon the lower division experience Establish fundamental ideas of the electronic properties of materials based on an atomistic picture Combine coursework with –state-of-the-art laboratory experiences –problem-solving and projects using computational tools –computer-based teaching modules Demonstrate interdisciplinarity in Materials Engineering –Physics, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering Recognize Gateway mission and ABET criteria Build upon the lower division experience Establish fundamental ideas of the electronic properties of materials based on an atomistic picture Combine coursework with –state-of-the-art laboratory experiences –problem-solving and projects using computational tools –computer-based teaching modules Demonstrate interdisciplinarity in Materials Engineering –Physics, Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Electrical Engineering Recognize Gateway mission and ABET criteria

FIE 98 Background The Gateway Coalition –Open new gateways for learning within an engineering education focus... –NSF Engineering Directorate funding Project Collaboration –Drexel University - Physics –University of Pennsylvania - Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical Engineering –The Cooper Union - Electrical Engineering The Gateway Coalition –Open new gateways for learning within an engineering education focus... –NSF Engineering Directorate funding Project Collaboration –Drexel University - Physics –University of Pennsylvania - Materials Science and Engineering, Chemical Engineering –The Cooper Union - Electrical Engineering

FIE 98 The Gateway Coalition Collaborative programs among several institutions with diverse institutional cultures Driving principle: Introduction of engineering and its functional core up-front - (Drexel E 4 experience) –Content  Human resource development and broader experience –Integrative aspects of the engineering process –Concurrent learning –Multidisciplinary emphasis –Use of new instructional technologies Collaborative programs among several institutions with diverse institutional cultures Driving principle: Introduction of engineering and its functional core up-front - (Drexel E 4 experience) –Content  Human resource development and broader experience –Integrative aspects of the engineering process –Concurrent learning –Multidisciplinary emphasis –Use of new instructional technologies

FIE 98 Goals of Collaboration Drexel University –build on lower division experience based on E 4 model –upper-division introduction to solid state materials University of Pennsylvania –add state-of-the-art student laboratory to existing course Cooper Union –create post-solid-state project-based course to address materials and process issues in Electrical Engineering Drexel University –build on lower division experience based on E 4 model –upper-division introduction to solid state materials University of Pennsylvania –add state-of-the-art student laboratory to existing course Cooper Union –create post-solid-state project-based course to address materials and process issues in Electrical Engineering draw from common elements / facilities

FIE 98 Curriculum Development Drexel University –develop multi-component course in the electrical properties of solid state materials –initially directed to Materials Engineering juniors Penn –develop thin-film device fabrication and analysis laboratory for sophomore engineering course The Cooper Union –develop web-based course in advanced topics in engineering materials Drexel University –develop multi-component course in the electrical properties of solid state materials –initially directed to Materials Engineering juniors Penn –develop thin-film device fabrication and analysis laboratory for sophomore engineering course The Cooper Union –develop web-based course in advanced topics in engineering materials

FIE 98 Drexel University Quantum Structure of Materials - The Course –Background ~10-20 Materials Engineering students per year  other fields Course materials - introductory text, notes, reserve books, journals Pre-requisites - PFE, MFE, Materials (sophomore) –Theory - ~ 1-D –Nano-characterization Laboratory –Research on recent topics in SPM and Nanotechnology –Scanning Probe Microscopy Module (Authorware ® /Mac) –Computational exercises Quantum Structure of Materials - The Course –Background ~10-20 Materials Engineering students per year  other fields Course materials - introductory text, notes, reserve books, journals Pre-requisites - PFE, MFE, Materials (sophomore) –Theory - ~ 1-D –Nano-characterization Laboratory –Research on recent topics in SPM and Nanotechnology –Scanning Probe Microscopy Module (Authorware ® /Mac) –Computational exercises

FIE 98 Theory –Materials - an atomistic approach to electronic structure –Classical physics * –Modern Physics Quantization of charge, light, energy Wave-particle duality Schrödinger equation in one-dimension / bound, unbound states * –Solid State Physics Atoms and molecules, Interatomic bonds * Free electron model  Energy bands in solids * Semiconductors, Insulators Semiconductor and Optoelectronic devices Quantum structures –Materials - an atomistic approach to electronic structure –Classical physics * –Modern Physics Quantization of charge, light, energy Wave-particle duality Schrödinger equation in one-dimension / bound, unbound states * –Solid State Physics Atoms and molecules, Interatomic bonds * Free electron model  Energy bands in solids * Semiconductors, Insulators Semiconductor and Optoelectronic devices Quantum structures * potential energy functions

FIE 98 Nano-characterization Laboratory Burleigh Scanning Tunneling Microscope Digital Instruments MultiMode ® Scanning Force Microscope Burleigh Scanning Tunneling Microscope Digital Instruments MultiMode ® Scanning Force Microscope Graphite surface note: Gateway Advanced Materials Laboratory

FIE 98 Topics in SPM / Nanotechnology Nanoscale Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces Journal / web-based research “Look up a recent article (in last three years) in Applied Physics Letters where Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) was applied to a current problem in materials science and engineering. In about one page, discuss the application, how the STM was used, and the authors' results and conclusions. Refer to additional sources if necessary.” Nanoscale Characterization of Surfaces and Interfaces Journal / web-based research “Look up a recent article (in last three years) in Applied Physics Letters where Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) was applied to a current problem in materials science and engineering. In about one page, discuss the application, how the STM was used, and the authors' results and conclusions. Refer to additional sources if necessary.”

FIE 98 Scanning Probe Microscopy Module

Computational exercises Energy Band Structure in 1-D Bound states and Scattering Surface potentials Junction phenomena Energy Band Structure in 1-D Bound states and Scattering Surface potentials Junction phenomena

FIE 98 Attributes Beyond the textbook … –modern physics and physics of materials application of advanced science and engineering principles integration of structure and electrical properties –state-of-the-art experimentation, computation utilization of a broad range of methodologies –research on current topics integration of disciplines, life-long learning Connection with Freshman/Sophomore experience Requirement for Materials Engineering... Beyond the textbook … –modern physics and physics of materials application of advanced science and engineering principles integration of structure and electrical properties –state-of-the-art experimentation, computation utilization of a broad range of methodologies –research on current topics integration of disciplines, life-long learning Connection with Freshman/Sophomore experience Requirement for Materials Engineering...

FIE 98 University of Pennsylvania Growth of thin-film metal contacts on Si substrate –vacuum and ultrahigh vacuum techniques, thin film deposition –sample preparation Thin-film, surface, and interface characterization –Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry elemental depth profiling –Auger Electron Spectroscopy surface chemistry –Scanning Tunneling Microscopy surface morphology Electrical characterization of devices –i-v measurements of Schottky barrier Growth of thin-film metal contacts on Si substrate –vacuum and ultrahigh vacuum techniques, thin film deposition –sample preparation Thin-film, surface, and interface characterization –Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry elemental depth profiling –Auger Electron Spectroscopy surface chemistry –Scanning Tunneling Microscopy surface morphology Electrical characterization of devices –i-v measurements of Schottky barrier

FIE 98 Attributes Beyond the textbook … –reinforcement of topics in modern physics –experimentation - device fabrication utilization of state-of-the-art methodologies direct relation to industrial processing and analysis Facility-driven –exportable manual  theory / analysis of real data Modes of delivery –stand-alone laboratory –enhancement to other materials-related courses Beyond the textbook … –reinforcement of topics in modern physics –experimentation - device fabrication utilization of state-of-the-art methodologies direct relation to industrial processing and analysis Facility-driven –exportable manual  theory / analysis of real data Modes of delivery –stand-alone laboratory –enhancement to other materials-related courses

FIE 98 The Cooper Union Modules in –Crystals and Wave Mechanics –Carrier Distribution, Transport, Generation/Recombination –Non-linear and Anisotropic Materials –Optical Fibers –Computer Modeling and Analysis Related MATLAB computations Outside research Electronic Materials Experimentation –Fabrication and analysis of p-n junctions Modules in –Crystals and Wave Mechanics –Carrier Distribution, Transport, Generation/Recombination –Non-linear and Anisotropic Materials –Optical Fibers –Computer Modeling and Analysis Related MATLAB computations Outside research Electronic Materials Experimentation –Fabrication and analysis of p-n junctions

FIE 98 Attributes Beyond the textbook … –applied materials physics application of advanced science and engineering principles integration of structure, properties, processing, performance –theory, computation utilization of methodologies for theoretical analysis and prediction –research on current topics integration of disciplines, life-long learning Computation-intensive –computation facility Beyond the textbook … –applied materials physics application of advanced science and engineering principles integration of structure, properties, processing, performance –theory, computation utilization of methodologies for theoretical analysis and prediction –research on current topics integration of disciplines, life-long learning Computation-intensive –computation facility

FIE 98 Assessment - Quantum Structure of Materials Relevance –important whether or not applicable to current experience Level –challenging, particularly applying mathematics and physics Homework exercises and examinations –challenging but provides key understanding of concepts by practice Text/notes –gaps in text presentations, need for auxiliary material Laboratory –supports hands-on learning –relevance to industry / co-op Relevance –important whether or not applicable to current experience Level –challenging, particularly applying mathematics and physics Homework exercises and examinations –challenging but provides key understanding of concepts by practice Text/notes –gaps in text presentations, need for auxiliary material Laboratory –supports hands-on learning –relevance to industry / co-op beyond the degree...

FIE 98 Implementation Issues Institutional –unique curricular structures –identification of needs and opportunities –developing new courses / enhancing existing courses –institutionalization Multi-institutional interactions –focus on common experiences –sharing facilities - SPM, RBS/AES distance, time, schedules ongoing support and planning Institutional –unique curricular structures –identification of needs and opportunities –developing new courses / enhancing existing courses –institutionalization Multi-institutional interactions –focus on common experiences –sharing facilities - SPM, RBS/AES distance, time, schedules ongoing support and planning

FIE 98 Closing remarks Active participation of students in new curricular initiatives Three unique capstone models with common attributes –materials engineering –computation / experimentation / research Evolving institutions in a changing world –curriculum reform enveloping the courses response - continual development, customization, communication –rapidly developing technologies opportunities to better address real materials applications Active participation of students in new curricular initiatives Three unique capstone models with common attributes –materials engineering –computation / experimentation / research Evolving institutions in a changing world –curriculum reform enveloping the courses response - continual development, customization, communication –rapidly developing technologies opportunities to better address real materials applications