CJ © 2011 Cengage Learning Chapter 14 Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcomes LO1: Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons. LO2: List and briefly explain the six general job categories among correctional officers. LO3: Contrast probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon, and furlough. LO4: Describe typical conditions of parole. LO5: Explain the goal of prisoner reentry programs.

1 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Indicate some of the reasons for violent behavior in prisons.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Prison cultures are unique because they are total institutions that encompass every aspect of an inmate’s life.

© 2011 Cengage Learning

Learning Outcome 1 The aging prison population – The majority of inmates are under the age of 34, but the older inmate population is growing – There are a number of explanations for this upsurge, including mandatory sentencing Contributing factors: – “Get tough on crime” measures – High rates of recidivism – Higher levels of crime by older offenders – Aging of the U.S. population as a whole

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Adapting to Prison Culture: Doing time Jailing Gleaning Disorganized criminals

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Violence in prison exists because: It provides a deterrent against being victimized It enhances self-image In the case of rape, it gives sexual relief It is a means of acquiring material goods

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 The deprivation model The stressful and oppressive conditions of prison life lead to aggressive behavior on the part of the intimates.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Riots: Relative deprivation – Focuses on the gap between what is expected in a situation and what is achieved.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 The role of race and ethnicity: Separate worlds Prison segregation Prison Gangs and Security Threat Groups (STGs) The prevalence of prison gangs Combating prison gangs

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 1 Characteristics of Female Inmates: A history of abuse Mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder The motherhood problem – Seven out of ten women in prison have at least one child Violence

2 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning List and briefly explain the six general job categories among correctional officers.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Rank and duties of correctional officers Block officers Work detail officers Industrial shop and school officers Yard officers Tower guards Administrative building assignments

© 2011 Cengage Learning CAREERPREP Correctional Officer Job Description: Ensure the safety of inmates and other employees of the correctional facility. This includes escorting inmates from their cells to other areas of the prison, standing guard over inmates after they have been removed from their cells, searching inmates for forbidden items, and patrolling the prison grounds. Build and maintain rapport with inmates to defuse disruptive behavior and prevent potential inmate problems such as suicide, intoxication, drug use, and violent behavior. What Kind of Training Is Required? At the state level, a high school diploma. At the federal level, a bachelor’s degree or three years of full-time experience counseling and supervising individuals. Written, physical, and psychological examinations and a training period that lasts from one to six months, depending on the size of the correctional facility. Annual Salary Range? $23,600–$60,000 For additional information, visit:

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 2 Discipline Legitimate security interests – Acting in self-defense – Acting to defend safety of a third person – Upholding the rules of the institution – Preventing a crime – Preventing an escape effort The “malicious and sadistic” standard

3 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Contrast probation, parole, mandatory release, pardon and furlough.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 Parole: Conditional release Based on: – Grace – Contract of consent – Custody

© 2011 Cengage Learning Mastering Concepts Probation versus Parole

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 Other forms of Release: Mandatory release Pardon furlough

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 Parole is not a right but a privilege. Greenholtz v. Inmates of the Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex (1979) – inmates do not have constitutional right to parole.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 Basic Roles of the Parole Board: To decide which inmates should be given parole To determine the conditions of parole To discharge the offender when the conditions of parole have been met To determine whether or not parole privileges should be revoked when a violation occurs.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 3 The Parole Hearing Participants include the judge, attorneys, the offender, law enforcement officers, and the victim

4 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Describe typical conditions to parole.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 4 Parole Supervision: Conditions of parole Parole contracts – Sets out the agreement between the state and the paroled offender Parole Officers Parole Revocation

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5 LO © 2011 Cengage Learning Explain the goal of prisoner reentry programs.

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Prisoner reentry: “all activities and programming conducted to prepare ex-convicts to return safely to the community and to live as law abiding citizens.”

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Barriers to Reentry: Life behind bars is very different than life outside Prison environment insulates inmates Difficult to get housing and employment

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Positive Reinforcement on Parole Work release programs Halfway houses

© 2011 Cengage Learning CAREERPREP Halfway House Program Manager Job Description: Coordinate recreational, educational, and vocational counseling, and other programs for residents. Also, maintain the security of the house and the residents. Serve as a mediator between the residents and the community and as an advocate for the halfway house with community groups. What Kind of Training Is Required? A bachelor’s degree or master’s degree in social work, career counseling, criminal justice, or psychology. Also helpful are internships, volunteer work with a halfway house, or community service work through an agency. Annual Salary Range? $29,390–$45,550. For additional information, visit:

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Sex Offender Notification Laws: Megan’s Law Active notification Passive notification

© 2011 Cengage Learning Learning Outcome 5 Conditions of release: No contact with children under 16 Continued psychiatric treatment Permission to change residences Stay a certain distance from schools/parks Cannot own toys that could lure children Cannot have job that involves interacting with children