History of the Bible part 4

Misprints “Wicked Bible” 1631 Exodus 20.14, “Thou shalt commit adultery.”

Misprints “Printers Bible” 1702 Psalm 119.161, “Printers have persecuted me without cause.” Should be Princes

Misprints “Ears to Ear Bible” 1810 Matt 13.43, “Who hath ears to ear, let him hear.”

Misprints “Owl Bible” 1944 1 Peter 3.5, “For after this manner in the old time the holy women also, who trusted God, adorned themselves, being in subjection to their owl husbands.” Error caused by a printing plate with a damaged letter n.

Weaknesses KJV is based on a few relatively late Byzantine Greek texts which come from about 25 Greek manuscripts.

Confusion in Spellings Jeremiah / Jeremias / Jeremie Henoch / Enoch Noe / Noah Hosea / Osee Isaiah / Esaias Judas / Judah / Juda / Jude

British Coinage pounds pence penny mites etc.

Obsolete words almug algum chode gat hosen pate raca strake wimples brigandine wot sith

Words with changed meaning mean man = common man cherish = keep warm conversation = behavior in general pitiful = full of pity quick = alive (not fast) ghost = spirit fetching a compass = sailing around

Readings Philemon vv. 7, 12, 20 bowels body part the Greeks identified as the seat of emotion affection, heart

2 Cor 6.11-13 Tyndale’s New Testament (1534) O ye Corinthyans oure mouth is open vnto you. Oure herte is made large: ye are in no strayte in vs but are in a strayte in youre awne bowelles: I promyse you lyke rewarde with me as to my childre. Set youreselues therfore at large KJV O ye Corinthians, our mouth is open unto you, our heart is enlarged. Ye are not straitened in us, but ye are straitened in your own bowels. Now for a recompence in the same, (I speak as unto my children,) be ye also enlarged.

2 Cor 6.11-13 NIV We have spoken freely to you, Corinthians, and opened wide our hearts to you. We are not withholding our affection from you, but you are withholding yours from us. As a fair exchange-- I speak as to my children-- open wide your hearts also. NRSV We have spoken frankly to you Corinthians; our heart is wide open to you. There is no restriction in our affections, but only in yours. In return-- I speak as to children-- open wide your hearts also. NLT Oh, dear Corinthian friends! We have spoken honestly with you. Our hearts are open to you. If there is a problem between us, it is not because of a lack of love on our part, but because you have withheld your love from us. I am talking now as I would to my own children. Open your hearts to us!

Readings Inconsistent use of word Charity Word is agape love

Readings God forbid -- May it never happen

Hell Sheol, Hades, and Gehenna are translated as Hell. But all three are not the same place.

Demons or devils? No distinction between demons and devils In NT people were possessed by demons As devils, led to belief of exorcism.

Revelation 1.5 Washed in the Blood of the Lamb? Correct reading is released not washed

Revelation 1.5 N.B. Greek forms here are given in its simplest form: the present active indicative, first person singular

Revelation 1.5 “In Revelation 7:14 people wash their robes and make them white ‘in the blood of the Lamb’; but no biblical verse... speaks of persons being washed in the blood” (Lewis, 67).

“Songs need to be measured by the biblical text properly interpreted and understood and not the converse” (Lewis, 67).

Revelation 22.19 Book of Life? Correct reading is tree not book

Revelation 22.19 Ligno - tree Libro - book

On Translation Early in the Restoration Movement, there were leaders who encouraged translations. Alexander Campbell’s translation of the NT, The Living Oracles. But Foy E. Wallace, Jr. criticized new translations.

Hard To Read 12th Grade 11th Grade 10th Grade 9th Grade KJV NASB Avg. Adult Level 8th Grade 7th Grade 6th Grade NIV NRSV NKJV NLT Living Bible Message Chil- dren’s Bibles 5th Grade 4th Grade 3rd Grade NIrV CEV ICB Formal Correspondence Functional (Dynamic Equivalence) Paraphrase

Why are new translations needed? 1. Languages change Jeet Yet? No, jew? Translation (Did you eat yet? No, did you?)

Why are new translations needed? 2. New discoveries of important manuscripts Papyri, Dead Sea Scrolls, etc. 3. Bible written in common language

Summary thought... Bible study: Use more than one translation Translations are available all around us! Major translations are on internet, too Newer versions are helpful, but have weaknesses like any other translation would.

Summary thought... Current translations to use? NASB NIV, TNIV (Zondervan) NRSV NET ESV etc.

Summary thought... Others --- NLT Living Bible (paraphrase) Message (paraphrase)

Helpful Resource Jack P. Lewis, The English Bible: from KJV to NIV (1991).