The Application of FRBR in a National Bibliographic Database Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Organized by the Australian Committee on Cataloging. Melbourne Convention Center, 2 February 2004 Bemal Rajapatirana

Group 1 entities Products of intellectual and artistic endeavour:  Work – distinct intellectual or artistic creation;  Expression – intellectual or artistic realisation of work  Manifestation – physical embodiment of an expression of a work  Item – single example of a manifestation

Scope  Quantify the results of applying FRBR to the NBD  Determine future strategies for improvements to the NBD based upon exploiting the FRBR model  Waltzing Matilda case study

Process  LC FRBR Display Tool ‑  FRBR Work-Set Algorithm ‑  Test 1: ‑Identify most commonly occurring works ‑Extract sample dataset and apply available tools ‑Determine work ratios for most common Name and Title entries  Test 2: Apply to NBD or larger subset (pending)

Identifying works  ‘Commonly occurring’ headings defined as those with the most number of bibliographic records attached  Initial lists refined to remove ‘inappropriate’ work headings ranked in the top 100  Separate ranking for Australian work headings

Selected works  Global exclusion criteria programmed -Series and ‘series like’ works -Thesis -Serials  Manual exclusion or amalgamation of some headings -coding -Spelling - Bible. English. Authorised’ and Bible. English. Authorized’ -Form of entry e.g. ‘Aesop’s fables’ or ‘Aesop. Aesop’s Fables’ or ‘Aesop. Fables’

Selected works  Final list -20,000 records extracted -13,561 representing works under Name/Titles -7,025 representing works under Uniform titles  1:3 works to manifestation/records  Reflects literary, religious and musical works  Similar composition to OCLC WorldCat analysis

Top 10 NBD works: Name-titles Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, Don Quixote England and Wales. Laws etc. Chopin, Frédéric, Piano music. Selections Schubert, Franz, Songs. Selections Bach, Johann Sebastian, Cantatas. Selection Liszt, Franz, Piano music. Selections Shakespeare, William, Hamlet Shakespeare, William, Macbeth Shakespeare, William, Romeo and Juliet Carroll, Lewis, Alice's adventures in Wonderland

Top 10 NBD works: Uniform Titles Bible. Authorized Mother Goose Koran Aesop's fables Arabian nights Bhagavadgita Imitatio Christi Bible. O.T.Psalms Haggadah Bible

LC FRBR Display Tool  Available from: functional-analysis/tool.htmlhttp:// functional-analysis/tool.html  Converts MARC to MARCXML  Rigorous data validation rules  Scale to accommodate large data sets  No statistics or reports generated  Sorting rules may required refinement  Problematic amalgamation of some expression forms e.g. sound recording and musical sound recording combined under one expression

Display example Author: Clauson, William Work: Australia Form: text-English Edition: Title: Australia : Waltzing Matilda and other Australian songs Imprint: [197-?] Physical Description: 1 cassette : (monographic) Author: Cowan, Marie Title: Waltzing Matilda Form: notated music Edition: Title: Waltzing matilda Statement of responsibility: music by Marie Cowan; words by “Banjo Paterson ; arranged by Warren Barker Imprint: Hal Leonard Publishing Corp, c1987 Physical Description: 1 score (16 p.) + 30 parts ; 31 cm Edition: Title: Waltzing Matilda Statement of responsibility: arranged for brass band by Gordon Langford. Imprint: Chandos Music, c1975 Physical Description: 25 parts ; 25 cm

Algorithms  OCLC identifies Work, LC identifies Work, Expression & Manifestion  Similar data normalisation routines e.g. ignore filing indicators, trailing and leading blanks, etc  Similar data elements for constructing author title keys  Limited number of ‘expression’ attributes  Maps variant data in headings through authority files (OCLC)

Waltzing Matilda …  Australian icon  Multiple works  Omissions ‐Variant forms of headings or content of heading/authority ‐Headings not present in bibliographic record ‐Non-literary or musical  Manual selection required ‐Queensland version

Waltzing Matilda …  Results: manifestations - 55 expressions - 46 works

You’ll come a Waltzing Matilda with me  Main works : -Cowan, Marie. Waltzing Matilda (50 manifestations) -Paterson, A. B. (Andrew Barton), Waltzing Matilda (35 manifestation) -Waltzing Matilda (7 manifestations)  Others -Christina Macpherson -Dave De Hugard -Queensland Version -Expression data placed in contents notes or as subject of work -Variability in form of expression

Implications for NBD  Data quality -Incorrectly coded data LDR/06 = ‘m’ (computer file) -Variant forms of headings -‘Sendak, Maurice, 1928-’ and ‘Sendak, Maurice’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing, or, The wonderful games that only little flower-plant children play’

Implications for NBD  Cataloguing practice -main entry problems (choice and error) W1: Bartoli, Cecilia Italian songs W2: Italian songs -Inclusion of added entries -Inclusion of additional data elements e.g. relators -Rules and interfaces to support aggregation of work and expression level metadata  Data massage and human input

Implications for NBD  Apply FRBR to NBD subsets -Australian -Topical e.g. literature, music  How to apply FRBR -Work, expression and manifestion? -Hybrid approach -User-focused -Search and display options

Future strategies  Determine if all Group 1 entities should be applied  Consider available software and options to enhance existing tools  Virtual or permanent work clusters  Determine interface applications of FRBR – public, cataloguing tool  Improvements to the Australian cataloguing process

Waltzing Matilda

Questions