Reformation Religious Revolution?

Agree/Disagree Think globally... Not what we have but what should exist! 1.Protest is a persons right 2.It is sinful or wrong to challenge authority (government, church, parents) 3.Society benefits when everyone does, thinks, acts the same way 4.Religion is an opiate and distorts the true/meaningful life

Intro Discussion 1. Most and least favorite classes 2. Favorite sport to watch or play 3. Favorite band or artist 4. How much would you be willing to pay to get an A in your least favorite class? A. Would you pay $10? $100? B. Would you pay to get an A in your favorite class? 5. Who would be more likely to pay more money to get an A? Why? 6.Who would be less likely to pay to get an A? Why? 7. What can we infer about the Middle Ages knowing that many bought tickets to Heaven?

Pope Francis Perspectives Colbert Report: 7 January 2014, Fr. Jim Martin 4:45 extended version (mute after girl scout cookies) 7:45 – interview starts (11:40 end)

Gutenberg’s Press Cheaper Books –No more copying More books, pamphlets Increases Literacy Mass production (internet) Anonymous authors –Words not speeches

Origins of Reform Criticism for centuries but no voice Northern Renaissance focused on religious humanism – religion as a social tool SocialPoliticalEconomicReligious - Humanism & Secularism challenge religion Civic rulers challenge the Pope for power People were jealous of the Pope’s wealth Corruption -Indulgences -Simony Printing Press -Criticisms -Bibles Pope is viewed as a foreign leader Anger over paying Church taxes Parties, orgies and wasteful spending

Remember? What is an indulgence? Who was Luther & what did he believe? How did the Church deal with people like Luther? What factors made Luther successful?

Luther Monk who opposes the selling of indulgences Nails 95 Theses – criticisms of the Pope/indulgences –Vices, lies, power-hungry The Pope excommunicates Luther after he refuses to recant Wrote German New Testament

John Calvin –Created predestination –He creates a theocracy (religious government) in Geneva, Switzerland –John Knox in Scotland spreads his teachings and Scottish monarchs become reformed ~Presbyterian Church

Effects -start of individual rights (you matter) -Creativity, ideas… -Interest in literacy -(read Bible in vernacular) -Increased warfare/divide -Catholic vs. Protestant

Understanding the Response to Luther PersonPosition 1.LutherThe pope should not be part of the Church any more. 2.Pope Leo XGroup 1 3.Charles VGroup 2 4.LutherGroup 3 5.Charles VGroup 4 6.Prince FrederickGroup 5 Reread the subsections titled “The Pope’s Threat” and “The Emperor’s Opposition” on page 490 of your textbook, and then summarize the viewpoint of your assigned historical figure.

What you should have figured out… PersonPosition 1.LutherThe pope should not be part of the Church any more. 2.Pope Leo XIf you don’t change your mind, I will take away your right to membership in the Church. 3.Charles VLuther, take back what you have said. 4.LutherNo. I have to do what I believe is right. 5.Charles VYou are an outlaw. Nobody in my lands Is allowed to help you. All the books you have written will be burned. 6.Prince Frederick I will protect you, Luther.

Teachings of the Reformation Lutheran –No hierarchy –Two Realms Church Secular –3 Sola’s Faith alone Scripture alone Grace alone –No More Indulgences Confessions Prayer to saints -confusion Calvinism (Reformed) –Predestination Born sinner or saved –Theocracy –Moral laws –Bible is the authority on beliefs –No More Indulgences Confessions Prayers to saints...

English Reformation Henry VIII – Catholic king “Defender of the Faith Married Spanish Catholic: Katherine of Aragon –Only one daughter (Mary), asks for an annulment –Pope refuses, Henry breaks away Henry secretly marries Anne Boleyn (Calvinist) –Passes Act of Supremacy – Head of Anglican Church –Thomas More: advisor who refuses to swear Is imprisoned and executed

Henry VIII Daughter with Boleyn: Elizabeth Boleyn is executed He marries Jane Seymour: has son Edward Seymour dies, three more wives follow

The Early Christian Church Eastern OrthodoxyRoman Catholicism Protestantism Calvinism Presbyterian Reformed Anglicanism Episcopalian Baptist Methodist Pentecostal Lutheranism Luther nails up 95 theses (16 th Century) The Great Schism (1054) This chart can also be found on page 491.

Religious Beliefs and Practices in the 16 th Century CatholicsLutheranismCalvinismAnglicanism LeadershipPope is head of Church Ministers lead Congregation Council of elders govern each church English Monarch is head of the Church SalvationFaith and “Good Works” Faith AlonePredeterminedFaith Alone BibleChurch and Bible tradition are sources of revealed truth Bible is sole source of revealed truth Worship Service Based on ritualPreaching and ritual PreachingRitual and preaching Interpretation of beliefs Priest and Church interpret Bible for followers Believers interpret Bible for themselves Believers interpret the Bible using tradition and reason