Wake-up 1.How could you recognize a covalent compound? 1.Name the following compounds: a. NCl 3 b. HCl c. H 2 S d. P 2 F 5

Covalent Bonding VESPR Theory What is VSEPR theory? What are common molecular shapes?

Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding: Selfish, stealing, transfer of e- Force that bonds charged ions together Force behind opposites attract CATION ANION

Ionic Bond Formation/Structure Neutral atoms come near each other. Electron(s) are transferred from the Metal atom to the Non-metal atom. They stick together because of electrostatic forces, like magnets.

Covalent Bonding Coworker, share e- Formed by sharing of electrons between atoms Electron clouds overlap and e- are shared

Covalent Bond Formation When one nonmetal shares one or more electrons with an atom of another nonmetal so both atoms end up with eight valence electrons

Lewis Dot Diagram Simple diagram showing the number of valence electrons for an atom. X has 8 valence electrons X

Lewis Dot Example Draw the Lewis dot diagram of the following atoms: a. Cl b. P

Wake-up 1.Draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for the following: a.Ca b.S c.Br Study Polyatomic Ions #1-10

Complete Lewis Dot Diagram Worksheet for Practice

Lewis Dot and Covalent Bonding Draw the electron dot diagram for F 2 1.Draw the e- dot diagram for both atoms in molecule 2.Figure out how they need to combine

Lewis Dot and Covalent Bonding Draw the electron dot diagram for CH 4 1.Draw the e- dot diagram for both atoms in molecule 2.Figure out how they need to combine

Molecular Shape of Covalent Compounds The shape of molecules varies according to how many bonds form AND the electrons.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR)

VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion) Model used to predict the structure of molecular compounds; determined by arrangement of electrons Electrons do not like each other because of their negative charges, they orient themselves as far apart as possible, from each other.

Types of Molecular Structure: Linear Formula: AX 2 Example: BeF 2 # of Shared electrons: 2

Types of Molecular Structure: Bent Linear

Types of Molecular Structure: Trigonal planar Formula: AX 3 Example: BF 3 # of Shared electrons: 3

Types of Molecular Structure: Tetrahedral Formula: AX 4 Example: CF 4 # of Shared electrons: 4

Types of Molecular Structure: Trigonal Pyramidal

Types of Molecular Structure: Octahedral Formula: AX 6 Example: SF 6 # of Shared electrons: 6

Beryllium difluoride

Name the Covalent Compounds at the Bottom of your notes

Boron trifluoride

Carbon tetrafluoride

Phosphorus pentafluoride

Sulfur hexfluoride

Various structures of H 2

Lewis Dot Diagram H 2

Structural Formula H 2 H - H

Ball and Stick Model H 2

Molecular Formula H 2 H2H2

Molecular Modeling