Detonation nanodiamonds (DND) Presentation Perttu RintalaKe Nanoparticles

Contents Detonation synthesis Properties of detonation nanodiamond Applications Commercial business References

DNDs, particle size 5-10 nm. (HRTEM) Reference: He, J. et al. Reinforcing copper matrix composites through molecular-level mixing of functionalized nanodiamond by co- deposition route. Materials Science and Engineering: A Vol. 490:1- 2. S DOI: /j.msea ISSN

Detonation synthesis 1/2 demolition compound TNT + RDX (usually 40:60 or 70:30) detonation in cylindrical steel chamber size 1-4 m 3 / 1 kg demolition compound inert gas, or water/ice shell around the detonation charge detonation circumstances are precise to get high nanodiamond yield

Detonation synthesis 2/2 rapid cooling must follow the detonation preventing phase transformation to graphite radical chemical purification is needed isolating nanodiamonds from detonation soot and impurities also the chemical properties of DND change radically an industrial detonation chamber can produce 2,5 kg DNDs in 8 hours

DND synthesis models no generally accepted model exists DNDs are generated most propably right after the detonation with phase transformation from carbon because of the detonation pressure OR through the formation of liquid carbon nanodroplets which crystallize to nanodiamonds

The properties of the detonation nanodiamond the diameter of a single particle is 4-5 nm (commercial) the shape is round, no sharp edges hardness, inside a conventional diamond structure chemically active surface hydroxyl-, ketone- and carboxyl groups cluster formation diameter hundreds of nanometers

Properties create the applications 1/2 Chemically active surface polishing additive in polymers biological and medical use

Properties create the applications 2/2 Round shape and hardness lubrication Small size and clusters (uniformly dispersed) coatings additive in metals

Applications of DNDs Processing material surfaces PolishingLubrication Structural additive Coatings Polymer- and metal matrixes Biological and medical use

Applications profit commercial business 1/3 Polishing smoother surface electronics and optics Lubrication the reduction of friction and wear combustion engines

Applications profit commercial business 2/3 Coatings hardness and abrasion resistance improve tool coatings Additive in polymer matrixes increasing strength film polymers, polymer fibres

Applications profit commercial business 3/3 Metal matrixes (copper) grain size decreases, hardness increases electrical conductivity decreases only slightly Biological and medical use slowing cancer’s progression transportation of insoluble medicines in human body

Carbodeon – nanodiamonds commercially Finnish firm, which develops, studies and sells nanodiamonds office and application laboratory in Vantaa 8 different grades of nanodiamond e.g. 20 g of nanodiamonds costs 280 €

References (some) Shenderova, O.A. et al. Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. William Andrew Publishing, s. ISBN (sähköinen), ISBN (painettu). Dolmatov, V.Y. Detonation-synthesis nanodiamonds: synthesis, structure, properties and applications. Russian Chemical Reviews, Vol. 76:4. S DOI: /RC2007v076n04ABEH ISSN X. Danilenko, V.V. Specific Features of Synthesis of Detonation Nanodiamonds. Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves, Vol. 41:5. S DOI: /s ISSN Chu, H.Y. & Hsu, W.C. & Lin J.F. The anti-scuffing performance of diamond nano-particles as an oil additive. Wear [verkkolehti], Vol. 268:7-8. S DOI: /j.wear ISSN Petrov, I. et al. Nickel galvanic coatings co-deposited with fractions of detonation nanodiamond. Diamond & Related Materials [verkkolehti], Vol. 15: S DOI: /j.diamond ISSN Maitra U. et al. Mechanical properties of nanodiamond-reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Solid State Communications [verkkolehti], Vol. 149: S DOI: /j.ssc ISSN