Therapies for Psychological Disorders Chapter 15

The Therapeutic ContextPsychodynamic TherapiesBehavior TherapiesCognitive Therapies Chapter 15 Preview

Humanistic TherapiesGroup TherapiesBiomedical TherapiesTreatment Evaluation and Prevention Strategies Chapter 15 Preview

Therapeutic Context Goals and Major Therapies Reaching diagnosis Proposing probable etiology Making prognosis Treatment planning Goals

Biomedical Therapies Alter brain functioning with chemical or physical interventions Major Therapies

Psychotherapy Focus on changing faulty behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, and emotions associated with specific disorder Major Therapies

Therapists and Therapeutic Settings Clinical Social Worker Pastoral Counselor Clinical Psychologist Counseling Psychologist PsychiatristPsychoanalyst

Therapists and Therapeutic Settings Patient Client Used in biomedical approach to treatment Used by clinicians who think of psychological disorders as problems in living

Diversity Issues in Psychotherapy

Therapist sensitivity Cultural awareness and beliefs Cultural knowledge Cultural skills

Historical and Cultural Contexts History of Western Treatment Bedlam Philippe Pinel and Dorothea Dix Asylums Rehabilitation Deinstitutionalization

Deinstitutionalization and Homelessness Deinstitutionalization Arose from social forces and advances in treatment “Revolving door” Homelessness

True or False? The problem with deinstitutionalization and homelessness is not so much with deinstitutionalization as it is with the lack of community resources outside the institutions.

Psychodynamic Therapies Freudian Psychoanalysis Intensive and prolonged technique for exploring unconscious motivations and conflicts Insight Therapy Therapist guides patient toward discovering insights between present symptoms and past origins

Psychodynamic Therapies Free Association Thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental images as they occur Catharsis Expressing strongly felt but usually repressed emotions

Psychodynamic Therapies Therapies ResistanceDream Analysis and Interpretation Transference Countertransference

Later Psychodynamic Therapies More emphasis than Freud on: Patients current social environmentContinuing influence of life experiences Role of social motivation and interpersonal relations of love Significance of ego functioning and development of self concept

Later Psychodynamic Therapies Harry Stack Sullivan Therapeutic interview is social setting in which each party’s feelings and attitudes are influenced by other’s Melanie Klein Contended that two fundamental organizing forces in psyche are aggression and love

Psychology in Your Life Are lives haunted by repressed memories? Are recovered memories REAL OR Does psychotherapy lead people to create false memories? Is this an either-or question? What do you think?

Behavior Therapies Behavior TherapyBehavior modification Systematic use of principles of learning to increase or decrease the frequency of behaviors

Behavior Therapies CounterconditioningMary Cover Jones Substitute new response for maladaptive one

Behavior Therapies Exposure Therapies Systematic Desensitization Flooding

Behavior Therapies Social-Learning Therapies Participant modeling Symbolic modeling therapy

Participant Modeling Therapy

Behavior Therapies Aversion Therapy Attractive stimulus is paired with noxious stimulus Ethical considerations

Behavior Therapies Contingency Management Changing behavior by modifying its consequences

Behavior Therapies Contingency Management Positive reinforcement strategies Extinction strategies

Behavior Therapies Generalization Techniques Attempt to increase similarity of targets behaviors and stimulus demands between therapy and real-life setting Partial reinforcement schedule Fading

Cognitive Therapies

Existential-Humanistic Therapies Human-potential Movement Release potential of average human being for greater levels of performance and greater richness of experience Two basic human maladies: depressive and obsessive syndromes

Existential-Humanistic Therapies Client-Centered Therapy Carl Rogers Emphasizes healthy psychological growth of individual

Existential-Humanistic Therapies Gestalt Therapy Fritz Perls Focuses on the ways to unite mind and body to make a person whole

Group Therapies Couple and Family Therapy Couples therapy Family therapy Community Support Groups Self-help groups AA, OA, CA, Others

Biomedical Therapies Drug Therapy Psychopharmacology Branch of psychology that investigates effects of drugs on behavior

Biomedical Therapy Drug Therapy Antipsychotic Drug Medication Chlorpromazine Haloperidol (Haldol) Clozapine

Biomedical Therapy Drug Therapy Antidepressant Drug Medication Tricyclics (TCA) Bicyclics Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors Lithium (lithium salts)

Brain Mechanisms of Tricyclic Antidepressants

Biomedical Therapy Drug Therapy Antianxiety Drug Medication Benzodiazepine Drug tolerance

Biomedical Therapy Psychosurgery Surgical procedure on brain tissue to alleviate psychological disorders Prefrontal Lobotomy Nerve fibers connecting frontal lobes with diencephalon severed

Biomedical Therapy Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Electric shock applied to brain to treat psychiatric disorders Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Brain stimulated by repeated pulses of magnetic stimulation

Does Therapy Work? Efficacy of Drug Therapies Spontaneous- Remission Effect Placebo Effect Meta-Analysis Evaluating Therapeutic Effectiveness

Does Therapy Work? Positive client expectations Therapist reinforcement of expectations Clear plan for therapeutic treatment Strong cient-therapist relationship Common Factors

Does Therapy Work? Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Prevention Strategies

Recapping Chapter 15 Main Points Goals and Major Therapies Therapists and Therapeutic Settings Historical Perspectives on Institutional Treatment Therapeutic Context Freudian Psychoanalysis Later Psychodynamic Therapies Psychodynamic Therapies

Recapping Chapter 15 Main Points Counterconditioning Contingency Management Social-Learning Therapy Generalization Techniques Behavior Therapies Changing False Beliefs Cognitive Behavioral therapy Cognitive Therapies

Recapping Chapter 15 Main Points Client-Centered Therapy Gestalt therapy Humanistic Therapies Couple and Family Therapy Community Support Groups Group Therapies

Recapping Chapter 15 Main Points Drug Therapy Psychosurgery Biomedical Therapies Evaluating Therapeutic Effectiveness Prevention Strategies Treatment, Evaluation, and Prevention Strategies