1. Explain the term “taxonomy” 2. Explain the necessity for classifying living things 3. Identify the scientist that developed the current classification scheme 4. Identify the 5 kingdoms 5. Describe each kingdom in terms of: a. Presence of a distinct nucleus (prokaryote or eukaryote) b. Type of nutrition (heterotroph or autotroph) c. Cellular plan (uni- or multicellular) d. Examples of representative organisms (identify by name or picture)

6. List the 7 classification categories (KPCOFGS) (King Philip Came Over From Germany Saturday) 7. Define the term “species” 8. Explain what “binomial nomenclature” is, where it comes from, and how it is written 9. Know the scientific name of humans 10. Use a dichotomous key to identify organisms

Kingdom - Animala - Can move around, specialized sense organs, requires organic plant and animal substances for food Phylum - Chordata - Hollow nerve cord (Subphylum) - Vertebrate - backbone (Superclass) Tetrapoda - Four footed - can live on land. Class - Mammalia - Hair, Mammary glands for nursing young Order - Primate - (Monkeys) - Binocular vision (forward eyes) - opposable thumbs Family - Hominidae - (Great apes) - Complex social behaviors, larger body, skeletal modifications for semi-upright posture, 32 teeth (SubFamily) - Homininae (hominines) - Gorilla, Chimp, Human (Tribe) - Hominini or hominins - canine tooth, which looksmore like an incisor. Toe bone improved for moving bipedally. Genus - Homo "man" - Larger brain Species - Homo Sapien "wise" - Language, more sophisticated tools, prominent chin, sparse body hair

Prokaryote: cells with no nucleus Eukaryote: cells with a true nucleus Heterotroph: can not make their own food Autotroph: can make their own food Motile: has locomotion Non-motile: can not move around

KINGDOM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES MONERA Bacteria: heterotrophs Blue-green algae: autotrophs Prokaryotic Unicellular e.Coli oscillatoria

KINGDOM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES MONERA Bacteria: heterotrophs Blue-green algae: autotrophs Prokaryotic Unicellular e.Coli oscillatoria PROTISTA Protozoa (animal like) Heterotrophs +motile Algae (plant like) Autotrophs + non-motile Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular Paramecium, amoeba, spirogyra

KINGDOM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES MONERA Bacteria: heterotrophs Blue-green algae: autotrophs Prokaryotic Unicellular e.Coli oscillatoria PROTISTA Protozoa (animal like) Heterotrophs +motile Algae (plant like) Autotrophs + non-motile Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular Paramecium, amoeba, spirogyra FUNGI Heterotrophs (absorb food, non- green) Parasites or decomposers Eukaryotic Mostly multicellularYeast, mold, mushrooms

KINGDOM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES MONERA Bacteria: heterotrophs Blue-green algae: autotrophs Prokaryotic Unicellular e.Coli oscillatoria PROTISTA Protozoa (animal like) Heterotrophs +motile Algae (plant like) Autotrophs + non-motile Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular Paramecium, amoeba, spirogyra FUNGI Heterotrophs (absorb food, non- green) Parasites or decomposers Eukaryotic Mostly multicellularYeast, mold, mushrooms PLANTAE Bryophytes: lack true roots, leaves, stems Tracheophytes: have true roots Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophs, non-motile Moss, ferns, pine trees

KINGDOM MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS EXAMPLES MONERA Bacteria: heterotrophs Blue-green algae: autotrophs Prokaryotic Unicellular e.Coli oscillatoria PROTISTA Protozoa (animal like) Heterotrophs +motile Algae (plant like) Autotrophs + non-motile Eukaryotic Mostly unicellular Paramecium, amoeba, spirogyra FUNGI Heterotrophs (absorb food, non- green) Parasites or decomposers Eukaryotic Mostly multicellularYeast, mold, mushrooms PLANTAE Bryophytes: lack true roots, leaves, stems Tracheophytes: have true roots Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophs, non-motile Moss, ferns, pine trees ANIMALIA PHYLUM: Coelenterata Annelida Arthropoda Chordata Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophs, motile 2 cell layers, hollow segmented worm exoskeleton, jointed appendages dorsal nerve cord jelly fish earthworm grasshopper, lobster human, frog

Characteristic MONERAPROTISTAFUNGIPLANTAEANIMALIA Cell Type Body Form Cell Wall Composition Mode of Nutrition Nervous System Locomotion Examples prokaryoticeukaryotic Mostly unicellular; some colonial Mostly unicellular; some simple multicellular Mostly multicellular Multicellular Multicellular; organs and organ systems Photosynthesis chemosynthesis Absorption Photosynthesis Ingestion Absorption PhotosynthesisIngestion Absent Present Bacteria blue-green algae Protozoa (paramecium, ameba, euglena) algae (spirogyra) Molds, yeasts, mushrooms, rusts, smuts Bryopphytes (lacking true roots, stems, leaves) Tracheophytes (have true roots, stems, leaves Coelenterata (hydra) Annelida (earthworm) Arthropoda (grasshopper) Chordata (human) polysaccharides amino acids celluloseno cell wallchitin composition varies Present in some Absent Present Present in some

PLANT KINGDOM TRACHEOPHYTES *contains xylem and phloem *has true leaves, stems, roots

PLANT KINGDOM TRACHEOPHYTES *contains xylem and phloem *has true leaves, stems, roots BRYOPHYTES *lacks xylem and phloem *no true leaves, stems, roots (mosses)

PLANT KINGDOM TRACHEOPHYTES *contains xylem and phloem *has true leaves, stems, roots ANGEOSPERMS *flowering plants *seeds in the fruit BRYOPHYTES *lacks xylem and phloem *no true leaves, stems, roots (mosses)

PLANT KINGDOM TRACHEOPHYTES *contains xylem and phloem *has true leaves, stems, roots ANGEOSPERMS *flowering plants *seeds in the fruit GYMNOSPERMS *bear seeds not in fruit *cone bearing trees (pines and spruce) BRYOPHYTES *lacks xylem and phloem *no true leaves, stems, roots (mosses)

PLANT KINGDOM TRACHEOPHYTES *contains xylem and phloem *has true leaves, stems, roots ANGEOSPERMS *flowering plants *seeds in the fruit MONOCOT DICOT GYMNOSPERMS *bear seeds not in fruit *cone bearing trees (pines and spruce) BRYOPHYTES *lacks xylem and phloem *no true leaves, stems, roots (mosses)

MONOCOTSDICOTS seed leaves leaf venation stems flowers parallel netlike one cotyledon two cotyledon bundles scattered bundles in rings pedals in 3’s pedals in 4’s or 5’s