The Vannet Group, LLC SCADA Made Simple SCADA Monitoring

SCADA Made Simple

SCADA Made Simple What is SCADA? History of SCADA Various types of SCADA systems Differences between systems Why the need for monitoring? How SCADA applies to Water and Wastewater The Mission monitoring RTU Questions and Answers

WHO Am I? Environmental Health Specialist (US ARMY) Private Industry Perdue Farms, Inc Small Town WATER and WASTEWATER Operator State Water System Inspector State Capacity Development Coordinator EPA- Small Systems TA Grants and Small System Tool Development; Capacity Dev Coordinator, Co-lead on Op Cert Program, and all around nice guy. (PS- Check’s in the mail)

Importance of Communication Ability to exchange ideas/desires/needs Express yourself Send a message Tower of Babel (Bible)

Communication- Imperative

What is SCADA? SCADA systems were first used in the 1960’s The acronym SCADA means supervisory control and data acquisition SCADA systems are used to monitor and control plant or equipment in industries such as: Telecommunications Energy, oil and gas refining Transportation Water and Wastewater monitoring and control

Concept: monitors input signals from a process manages the data produces output signals that influence the process.

Old School Communications

Sampling Points

Pre-SCADA: Telecommunication & Miss Jenkins

4 VOLUNTEERS

Physical Components Remote data monitoring units, Communications platform and a Central host or master that manages entire system.

First Generation SCADA

2nd Generation

3rd Generation

What is SCADA cont. SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as ones that monitor environmental conditions of a small office building, or very complex, such as systems that monitor the activity in a nuclear power plant or control a municipality’s water system through tank, pump, and well control.

What is SCADA cont. SCADA systems gather information such as: Pump Runtimes  Flow Water Levels  Pressure Amperage  Temperature …and transfers and stores the information back to a central site (computer).

What is SCADA cont. SCADA systems can monitor specific alarm setups such as: High or Low Level Pump Failure Intrusion Power Loss Generator Running Phase Loss High Temperature Excess Pump Starts Analog Thresholds

Types of Systems Used in our industry Auto Dialers Private Radio Wireless Data Network Based

Differences Between Systems Method of transmitting data How often the data is transmitted Amount of data transmitted Cost!!!

Auto Dialers Good solution for basic alarms Need a dedicated phone line Limited RTU mobility if you want to move it You have to deal with the phone company! Limited features and functionality

Private Radio Optimal for advanced applications, i.e. oil, gas and storage plants High number of inputs and outputs Generally custom designed Single database computer (control center) Costly software Setup is time-consuming On going maintenance costs

National Wireless Data Network System The Newer Technology Options Uses the public cellular network system Low equipment and installation costs No costly software Internet based access Mixed deployment/Roll out over time

National Wireless Data Network System Ease of installation Scalable from 1 unit to X units Compatible to existing HMI SCADA software programming mods Capable of meeting or exceeding homeland security and AWWA standards with 128-bit encryption

The short answer is…YES! Is Cellular Reliable? The short answer is…YES! Uses the data channel, not the voice Each transmission is confirmed end to end All transmissions are encrypted After disasters, cell towers are brought in on tractor trailers and communication is restored

Basic Components of Internet Enabled Monitoring & SCADA Systems Field RTU…The Box National Wireless Data Networks Centralized Web Software Alarms To Virtually Anything Secure Customer Web Site Alarms & Data 4. 3. Pagers Fax Email Cell Phones Centralized Web Based Software All MISSION systems have 5 parts. The MISSION RTU’s typically have 11 digital inputs; 8 external dry contact inputs and 3 built-in digital alarm circuits (AC failure, low battery and input wiring fault…all input wiring monitored with instant alarm if shorted or disconnected), two 4-20mA or 1-5VDC analog inputs, 2 optional pulse counter inputs, one electronic key reader input and 3 dry contact outputs. When the MISSION RTU detects an alarm condition, electronic key read or scheduled data message, a message packet is transmitted to any of many nearby cellular towers; it’s like having multiple phone lines for each RTU. To increase reliability, for the M-80 thru M-300, each message is sent via the digital cellular control channel 5 times in 1/5th of a second. The local cell tower then compares all five messages. If three or more match, the message is sent on to MISSION Control and a “successful message” acknowledgement is sent back to the RTU…very accurate and reliable. These systems actually never makes a ”voice” call. The M-800 communicates through the data protocol of the Nextel system and is on all the time. In about 2 seconds (less for Nextel), the data is delivered to the MISSION computer data center in Atlanta, MISSION Control. As fast as you can dial the last digit in a long distance number and hear it “ring” at the other end is as fast as MISSION gets the M-100 message. MISSION has the data before many other systems have even connected. According to customer instructions, MISSION computers decode the data message, determine what type of alarm or data it is, and who is to be notified and how. MISSION can now phone, fax, page or e-mail any number of different people; call multiple people simultaneously too . It can also simultaneously notify you through the Internet; direct to your control room computer running your existing SCADA software (meshed into the existing SCADA software though M-HMI or not through our animated alarm wizard, Merlin) . MISSION notification messages must be positively acknowledged, otherwise further attempts will be made. If no one “responds” within the customer preset time, MISSION moves down the customers “call list” until someone responds to and acknowledges the message. MISSION accommodates nearly any combination or sequence of notification plans. On duty status / notification lists can change automatically with the day or time of day; for example having one callout list for the day and another for nights and weekends. Mission will even program them depending on the type of alarm (e.g. regular alarms go to the regular callout list while weekly backup generator tests go to another!) MISSION technical support personnel can do this for you, or you can get on the password-protected web site that MISSION provides you and change your alarm notification schedules yourself. All of the notification call attempts, their results and personnel responses are automatically logged at your web site. You can also view weekly management summary reports (plus we send them to you by e-mail or fax). You can make updates and also run reports on numerous categories of data from pump run times to personnel site access logs. Internet 1. Customer Website 2. 5. RTU Network Carriers

Why the need?

Why the need? Ever increasing regulatory restrictions are being imposed on Water and Wastewater operators for efficient & safe system operations such as Class 1 Reliability (EPA, DEQ, etc) Both current & historical data from electronic databases greatly simplify the regulatory reporting process Redundancy to larger SCADA systems all ready in place

The tank does that all the time. It’s OK.

Applications National Public Wireless Data Networks combined with Internet Data Access are now a permanent contender for automation in the Water & Wastewater Industry.

How It Applies to Water/Wastewater Wireless Technology Can Be Applied In A Variety of Remote Applications Water Pumping Stations Sewer Lift Stations Level / Flow / Pressure Applications Tank Storage Applications Storm Water / Sewer Flow Applications Meter Reading Applications Water Well and Tank Control Rainfall Monitoring

How It Applies to Water/Wastewater cont Profiling and understanding: Flow Data  Rainfall Data Level Data  Surcharge Data Pump Activity  Other Parameters …is crucial for effective operations. New wireless technologies are now available for very remote sites.

Typical Lift Station Rainfall Monitoring

Water Tower Monitoring

Water Plant Monitoring Tank and Well Control

Very Remote Location? Solar Power is the Answer!

Map location of your stations

Example Supplier Sell Points Reliable – Money Saving Features Prepackaged – Ease of Installation Simple – Very Affordable M110 Full Monitoring System M800 Full SCADA M200 Solar Station M81 CSO/SSO Monitoring INCLUDES: Secure Website, Graphics & Software, Alarms, Mgmt. Reports, Runtime Reports, Maintenance Logs

Bt wut r t costs? Data Loggers with A small SCADA modems costs on the order of $1,100 to $1,800 A small SCADA system cost on the order of $1,400 to $4,600

SCADA Security

Security Terminology 1. Redundancy of the system. Redundancy refers to the ability of certain components of a system to assume functions of failed components without adversely affecting the performance of the system itself. 2. Robustness of the system. Robustness refers to the degree of insensitivity of a system design to errors in the estimates of those parameters affecting design choice. Robustness or those properties that make the system less vulnerable to attack (stability). 3. Resilience of the system. Resilience is the ability of a system to operate close to its closest possible design technically and institutionally over a short run after an attack, such that the losses are within manageable limits.

Ways to Prevent Attacks

Should My System Use SCADA? Today’s SCADA systems are able to take advantage of the evolution from mainframe based to client/server architectures. These systems use common communications protocols like Ethernet and TCP/IP to transmit data from the field to the central master control unit. SCADA protocols have also evolved from closed proprietary systems to an open system, allowing designers to choose equipment that can help them monitor their unique system using equipment from variety of vendors SCADA systems are widely used to monitor and control U.S. critical infrastructure utilities such as Electrical Power Plants and Water Distribution Centers While SCADA protocols are more open today, there is no clear consensus of which protocol is best. IEC 60870-5 series and DNP3 have many similarities but are not 100% compatible.

Should My System Use SCADA? SCADA systems, like other computer systems, are subject to many common security attacks such as viruses, denial of service, and hijacking of the system Because SCADA systems use leased telephone lines, twisted pair cable, microwave radio, and spread spectrum techniques, they have many of the same security vulnerabilities

Should My System Use SCADA? The Explosive Growth In National Wireless Networks, Personal Communications, and the Internet Provide Great Flexibility and Scalability For Automation Of Water and Wastewater Applications No Need For Large Capital Outlay for Proprietary Wireless Network Build-out Can Be Cost Effective and Deployed in a Variety Of Applications Rural, Suburban, and Urban Sites High Cost Sites Applications that Require Redundancy New Installations, Upgrades, and Replacement Sites

Checklist Section 1: SCADA General Questions (functions, reliability, staff trained?) Section 2: Communication Pathway (Reliable: power failure, weather, hardware to software) Section 3: Security

Questions?

Think of “More than Just Operators”

The Vannet Group Steve Clark 866-616-8263 steve@vannetgroup.com A Service Disabled Veteran Owned Small Business Visit Us At: www.vannetgroup.com