Macedonia Under Philip II

Final Act in Classical Greece Greeks continued to fight intermittently for two generationsGreeks continued to fight intermittently for two generations Macedonians took over from northMacedonians took over from north –Philip of Macedonia turned it into effective, aggressive state –Took over most of mainland City states became provinces of Macedonian EmpireCity states became provinces of Macedonian Empire From now on, Greece would almost always be under foreign ruleFrom now on, Greece would almost always be under foreign rule

Alexander the Great B.C.E.

Alexander the Great ’ s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

Building Greek Cities in the East

Pergamum: A New “ Hellenistic ” City Cosmopolitan Culture

Trade in the Hellenistic World

Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art

Hellenistic Philosophers  Cynics  Diogenes  ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.  citizens of the world.  live a humble, simple life.  Epicurians  Epicurus  avoid pain & seek pleasure.  all excess leads to pain!  politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers  Stoics  Zeno  nature is the expansion of divine will.  concept of natural law.  get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.  true happiness is found in great achievements.

The “ Known ” World – 3c B.C.E.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences  Scientists / Mathematicians:  Aristarchus  heliocentric theory.  Euclid  geometry.  Archimedes  pulley.  Ptolemy  geocentric theory.

Ptolemaic View of the Universe

The Breakup of Alexander ’ s Empire

The Incursion of Rome into the Hellenistic World