World History Chapter 14D The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague
A Church Divided Philip IV of France breaks the power of the Pope Philip gets the College of Cardinals to choose a French Pope (Clement V) The new Pope moves from Rome to Avignon, France When Gregory XI dies while visiting Rome a new Pope is chosen The College of Cardinals picks Urban VI (an Italian)
Continued French Cardinals don’t like the choice and pick Clement VII a few months later Urban VI and Clement VII call each other “false Popes” This begins the Great Schism By the time of the Council of Constance (1414) there will be three Popes With the help of the Holy Roman Emperor, Martin V will be selected as the genuine Pope and the Great Schism will end With all the problems of the Catholic Church professors will challenge the Church
Pope Martin V
John Wycliffe John Wycliffe (Englishman) will state that Jesus Christ, not the Pope, was the true head of the Church Wycliffe will also teach that the Bible alone-not the Pope-was the final authority for Christian life
John Wycliffe
John Huss John Huss (Bohemia)-taught that the authority of the Bible was higher than the Pope
The Bubonic Plague Strikes Approximately 1/3 of Europe’s population died of the deadly disease also known as the Black death The plague began in Asia It was spread along the trade routes It shows-up first in Sicily on a Genoese merchant ship It ripped communities apart Jews were blamed for the plague It will kill almost 25 million Europeans
Effects of the Plague Reduced the population Trade declined Prices rose Farmland was abandoned Serfs left Manors Manor systems crumbled Peasant revolts occurred The Church lost prestige People become pessimistic People become occupied with something other than religion Middle Ages society collapses
The Hundred Years’ War Reasons for the War Last Capetian king dies without a successor Edward III claims the French Throne
Major Battles Battle of Crecy-English victory English archers win the battle Key weapon used was the English longbow Battle of Agincourt-English victory Battle of Poitiers-English victory
Joan of Arc She believed that heavenly voices spoke to her The voices said to drive the English out of France and crown Charles VII, King of France She led French troops to victories over the English (Orleans) She was captured by Burgundians and turned over to the English The English find her guilty of witchcraft and burn her at the stake (May 30, 1431) She will become a saint
Joan of Arc
Charles VII
Impact of the Hundred Years’ War At the end of the war England only retains the port city of Calais War raises the power and prestige of the French monarch War gave birth to a feeling of nationalism for England and France War strengthened the English Parliament (“power of the purse”) Considered the end of the Middle Ages
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