Lecture Notes A PowerPoint Presentation 5 Lecture Notes A PowerPoint Presentation Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Seventh Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

Structure and Function 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous tissue Accessory organs Glands Sebaceous (oil) Sudoriferous (sweat) Hair Nails Pedagogical Note: For instructors who prefer extensive anatomy and physiology coverage, refer to the Respiratory System presentation for an example of such coverage. You may expand the anatomy and physiology sections by using the Respiratory System chapter as a guide to lengthen anatomy and physiology sections in other chapters. In addition, you may encourage students to complete TermPlus, the powerful interactive multimedia program where they can concentrate on reinforcing anatomy and physiology. 2

Structure and Function (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function (continued) Covers and protects the body from pathogens and other harmful substances Produces secretions from sweat and oil glands Provides nerve endings for various sensations, including heat, cold, pressure, and touch Regulates body temperature Synthesizes vitamin D Gives color to the skin from melanocytes produced in the basal layer 3

Structure and Function Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise What does the term integument mean? What are the accessory structures of the skin? What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer of tissue? Pedagogical Note: Questions only are presented on the first slide. Questions with answers (in red) are presented on the following slide. For testing purposes, you may wish to use only the question slides. 4

Structure and Function Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise What does the term integument mean? The term integument refers to the skin. What are the accessory structures of the skin? These structures are hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil). What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer of tissue? It binds the dermis to underlying structures, stores fats, insulates and cushions the body, and regulates temperature. 5 5

Structure and Function Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from damaging effects of the sun? Which accessory organs produce oil? List the sensations provided by the skin? 6

Structure and Function Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Structure and Function Exercise In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from damaging effects of the sun? Melanocytes, which produce melanin, protect the skin from sun damage. Which accessory organs produce oil? The sebaceous glands produce oil. List the sensations provided by the skin? The skin provides nerve endings that sense heat, cold, pressure, and touch. 7 7

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise List the CF(s) for: skin: sebum, sebaceous: hair: sweat:

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise skin: cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o sebum, sebaceous: seb/o hair: pil/o, trich/o sweat: sudor/o, hidr/o

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise blue: red: fungus: black:

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise blue: cyan/o red: erythem/o, erythemat/o, erythr/o fungus: myc/o black: melan/o

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise 9. fat: 10. nerve: 11. arteriole: 12. dry, scaly:

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise 9. fat: adip/o, lip/o, steat/o 10. nerve: neur/o 11. arteriole: arteriol/o 12. dry, scaly: ichthy/o

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise horny tissue; hard; cornea: dry: hardening; sclera (white of eye):

Combining Forms Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Combining Forms Exercise horny tissue; hard; cornea: kerat/o dry: xer/o, ichthy/o hardening; sclera (white of eye): scler/o

Complete the Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise Abnormal condition without sweat: an/ / treatment with cold: /o/ resembling skin: / pertaining to under the skin: sub/ /

Complete the Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise abnormal condition without sweat: an/hidr/osis treatment with cold: cry/o/therapy resembling skin: derm/oid pertaining to under the skin: sub/cutane/ous

Complete the Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise abnormal condition of blue (skin): / condition of sweat: suder/ softening of a nail: /o/

Complete the Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Complete the Medical Word Exercise abnormal condition of blue (skin): cyan/osis condition of sweat: sudor/esis softening of a nail: onych/o/malacia

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise white cell: black cell: skin that is dry: transplantation of same (species):

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise white cell: leuk/o/cyte black cell: melan/o/cyte skin that is dry: xer/o/derma transplantation of same (species): homo/graft or allo/graft

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise tumor (composed of) cancer: skin (condition associated) with pus: discharge or flow of sebum: treatment with cold:

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise tumor (composed of) cancer: carcin/oma skin (condition associated) with pus: py/o/derma discharge or flow of sebum: seb/o/rrhea treatment with cold: cry/o/therapy

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise 9. abnormal condition of dry or scaly (skin): 10. pertaining to heat:

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise 9. abnormal condition of dry or scaly (skin): ichthy/osis 10. pertaining to heat: therm/al

Diseases and Conditions 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions Basal Cell Carcinoma Most common type of skin cancer Arises in basal cell layer of the epidermis Flesh colored (early stage shown in the figure) or brown Pedagogical Note: Late stage basal cell carcinoma (brown) is illustrated in Medical Terminology Systems, 7th edition, on page xxx.

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Basal Cell Carcinoma (continued) Slow growing and destructive Rarely metastasizes but is invasive Occurs most commonly in blonde, fair- skinned individuals

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Basal Cell Carcinoma (continued) Signs and symptoms Tumor mainly seen on sun-exposed areas of the body, especially the face Can also occur on parts of the body rarely exposed to sunlight Pearly white or waxy bump, often with visible blood vessels Bump may bleed, develop a crust, or form a depression in the center 28

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Basal Cell Carcinoma (continued) Treatment Goal of complete eradication of the lesions Type of treatment determined by size, shape, location, and invasiveness of the carcinoma Curettage and electrodesiccation 29

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Basal Cell Carcinoma (continued) Treatment (continued) Cryotherapy and laser therapy Chemotherapeutic drugs Surgical excision (used in 90% of cases) Irradiation or chemosurgery 30 30

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. T. is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will probably not spread but will remain localized. It will eventually destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called . Pedagogical Note: To tailor the slide presentation to your individual needs, simply delete or add slides and textual material. Numerous sources for illustrations and information are available on various web sites. 31

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. T. is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will probably not spread but will remain localized. It will eventually destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The spread of cancer from one part of the body to another site is called metastasis. 32 32

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the (armpit, face, stomach). 33 33

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the (armpit, face, stomach). 34 34

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise After closely examining a growth on Ms. A.’s arm, she is informed that it is noncancerous. The dermatologist charts the noncancerous growth as (benign, cancerous, malignant). Mr. J. is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and asks the nurse to explain this type of cancer. How should the nurse respond? 35

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise After closely examining a growth on Ms. A.’s arm, she is informed that it is noncancerous. The dermatologist charts the noncancerous growth as (benign, cancerous, malignant). Mr. J. is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and asks the nurse to explain this type of cancer. How should the nurse respond? It is a malignancy of the basal layer of the skin commonly caused by repeated overexposure to the sun. 36 36

Diseases and Conditions 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions Abscess Illustration: Localized collection of pus at the infection site (characteristically a staphylococcal infection) Most common sites on hairy parts of the body exposed to irritation, pressure, friction, or moisture 37

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Abscess (continued) Two types Furuncle (or boil )— abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue Carbuncle — several furuncles developing in adjoining hair follicles with multiple drainage sinuses (as shown in the illustration on the previous slide) 38

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Abscess (continued) Signs and symptoms Affected portion of skin possibly extremely tender, painful, and swollen Abscess possibly enlarged, softened, and open, discharging pus and necrotic material Erythema and edema possibly persisting at the site for days or weeks Possibly accompanied by mild fever 39

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Abscess (continued) Treatment Cleaning the infected area thoroughly with soap and water Applying hot, wet compresses to the area to promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions Administering topical antibiotics Incision and drainage (I&D) possibly necessary after the lesion has matured 40

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. presents with redness and edema of the neck. The term to describe reddening of the skin is . Upon diagnosis of a furuncle, the nurse explains that this is an infection caused by a(n) (bacterium, injury, virus). Pedagogical Note: You may wish to add other clinical scenarios from actual medical reports or web site resources to tailor these sections to suit your course objectives. 41 41

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. presents with redness and edema of the neck. The term to describe reddening of the skin is erythema or erythematous. Upon diagnosis of a furuncle, the nurse explains that this is an infection caused by a (bacterium, injury, virus). 42 42

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The physician charts a cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue as a(n) . Ms. S. is diagnosed with an abscess on her knee. She asks the physician to explain this condition. How should the physician respond? Pedagogical Note: To tailor the slide presentation to your individual needs, simply delete or add slides and textual material. Numerous sources for illustrations and information are available on various web sites. 43 43

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The physician charts a cluster of furuncles in the subcutaneous tissue as a carbuncle. Ms. S. is diagnosed with an abscess on her knee. She asks the physician to explain this condition. How should the physician respond? It is a localized collection of pus at the infection site, characteristically caused by the bacterium known as Staphylococcus. 44 44

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis Chronic, noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease Circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales (as shown in the illustration) 45

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis (continued) Epidermal cells produced six to nine times faster than normal Commonly a family history is seen May begin at any age Condition possibly severe if onset is in childhood 46

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis (continued) Signs and symptoms Excessive development of the basal layer of the skin Affected areas that typically appear dry, cracked, and encrusted Build-up of skin composed of living and dead tissue 47

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis (continued) Signs and symptoms (continued) Pruritus (common complaint) Common sites on scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia 48

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis (continued) Treatment Depends on type, disease extent, and effect on patient Palliative only; no cure Topical application of medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, corticosteroid drugs, and wet dressings 49

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Psoriasis (continued) Treatment (continued) Ultraviolet (UV) light therapy to retard cell production Exposure amount depends on condition, pigmentation, and susceptibility to burning UVB light or natural sunlight to the point of minimal erythema UVA light from an artificial source, such as special mercury lamps Excrimer laser, a more powerful form of UVB light therapy, directed to eliminate stubborn plaques and control scaling and inflammation 50

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. W. presents for treatment of psoriasis with ultraviolet (UV) light therapy. The doctor explains that UV therapy retards cell production and slows horny growths on the skin. Overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis is a condition called (keratoid, keratolysis, hyperkeratosis). Pedagogical Note: To tailor the slide presentation to your individual needs, simply delete or add slides and textual material. Numerous sources for illustrations and information are available on various web sites. 51 51

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr. W. presents for treatment of psoriasis with ultraviolet (UV) light therapy. The doctor explains that UV therapy retards cell production and slows horny growths on the skin. Overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis is a condition called (keratoid, keratolysis, hyperkeratosis). 52 52

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. M. is diagnosed with psoriasis. The physician explains that the most common sites of psoriasis are the . For chronic psoriasis, a powerful form of UV light therapy directed to plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation. This type of laser is called (UVA, UVB, excrimer) laser. 53 53

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. M. is diagnosed with psoriasis. The physician explains that the most common sites of psoriasis are the scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia. For chronic psoriasis, a powerful form of UV light therapy directed to plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation. This type of laser is called (UVA, UVB, excrimer) laser. 54 54

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Acne Vulgaris Common inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous glands and their hair follicles Characterized by appearance of comedos (blackheads or whiteheads), papules (solid elevation less than 1 cm), and pustules (small raised areas of the skin filled with pus), as shown in the illustration 55

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Acne Vulgaris (continued) Usually on the face, chest, upper back, and shoulders Most commonly caused by hormone changes during puberty, but can appear at any age Underlying cause of genetic predisposition Possible contributing factors, including stress and external irritants, such as soaps and cosmetics

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Acne Vulgaris (continued) Signs and symptoms Acne plug that commonly appears first as an open comedo (blackhead) or a closed comedo (whitehead) Color in the comedo caused by the melanin produced by the hair follicle, not by dirt

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Acne Vulgaris (continued) Signs and symptoms (continued) Eventual enlargement and rupture or leak of plug, spreading contents to the dermis Resulting in inflammation and acne pustules or papules Development of scars if chronic irritation continues over a period of time

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Acne Vulgaris (continued) Treatment Goals of reducing bacterial count, decreasing sebaceous gland activity, and preventing inflammation of the follicle Antibacterial solution applied to the skin, orally administered antibiotics, or both Topical agents, which may be used alone or in combination and are applied with clean hands Skin kept as clean and dry as possible

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise John, an adolescent, suffers from a chronic inflammatory skin disorder on his face and chest. The patient has been squeezing the blackheads and whiteheads, and those areas on his face are inflamed. The medical term for blackheads and whiteheads is . 60 60

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise John, an adolescent, suffers from a chronic inflammatory skin disorder on his face and chest. The patient has been squeezing the blackheads and whiteheads, and those areas on his face are inflamed. The medical term for blackheads and whiteheads is comedos. 61 61

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Elisa has been diagnosed with an inflammatory skin disease known as acne vulgaris. To decrease sebaceous gland activity and prevent the follicle from becoming inflamed, the physician prescribes an (antibacterial, antibromic, antifungal) solution to apply to the skin. 62 62

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Elisa has been diagnosed with an inflammatory skin disease known as acne vulgaris. To decrease sebaceous gland activity and prevent the follicle from becoming inflamed, the physician prescribes an (antibacterial, antibromic, antifungal) solution to apply to the skin. 63 63

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Scabies Contagious skin disease that is the result of infestation by the itch mite Transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact Transmitted by prolonged contact with infected clothing, bedding, or small animals (dogs, cats) 64

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Scabies (continued) Signs and symptoms Patient asymptomatic while the parasite multiplies Burrowing of parasite into the superficial layer of skin, appearing as short, wavy, brownish black lines Itching and rash (major complaints) Lesions typically excoriated and possibly appear threadlike Commonly appear between the fingers, in the axillae, at the waist, and on the wrists, elbows, nipples, buttocks, and genitalia 65

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Scabies (continued) Treatment Topical scabicide (cream or lotion) for chemical disinfection Usually applied in a thin layer to the entire body from neck to feet (including genitals, umbilicus, and skin-fold areas), left on overnight, and washed off in the morning Usually curative in one or two applications, depending on the agent prescribed Antipruritics and oral antihistamines to reduce itching 66

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A 16-year-old girl visited her grandparents at their farm last month and petted many of the animals. Now she complains of itching and a rash that appears between her fingers and on her wrist folds. The physician examines her rash and prescribes a topical disinfectant cream to destroy the parasite known as “itch mite.” He charts her skin disease as (eczema, keloids, scabies). 67 67

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise A 16-year-old girl visited her grandparents at their farm last month and petted many of the animals. Now she complains of itching and a rash that appears between her fingers and on her wrist folds. The physician examines her rash and prescribes a topical disinfectant cream to destroy the parasite known as “itch mite.” He charts her skin disease as (eczema, keloids, scabies). 68 68

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Impetigo Common contagious, superficial skin infection Marked by a fluid-filled blister that becomes pustular, ruptures, and forms a yellow crust Vesicle (small fluid-filled blister) Bulla (large fluid-filled blister) 69

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Impetigo (continued) Signs and symptoms Lesions beginning as macules, vesicles, and pustules, usually accompanied by pruritus Rupture of primary lesion, leaving a honey-colored serous liquid Hardening of liquid and eventual formation of a thick, yellow crust over the infected site 70

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Impetigo (continued) Signs and symptoms (continued) Possibly occurring anywhere, but most commonly on the mouth, nose, neck, or extremities Possible erythema with ulcerations and scarring 71

Diseases and Conditions (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diseases and Conditions (continued) Impetigo (continued) Treatment Topical antibiotics, oral antibiotics, or both Thorough cleansing of the lesions two to three times daily Good hygiene to prevent skin-to-skin or person-to- person spread Pedagogical Note: To help you customize or add other disorders to your presentation, you can find numerous images in the image bank. 72

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Carl is diagnosed with a bacterial, inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions that form a yellow crust. The physician advises him to cleanse the lesion 3x/day and prescribes a topical antibiotic to treat this contagious skin infection, known as (a furuncle, impetigo, psoriasis). 73 73

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Carl is diagnosed with a bacterial, inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions that form a yellow crust. The physician advises him to cleanse the lesion 3x/day and prescribes a topical antibiotic to treat this contagious skin infection, known as (a furuncle, impetigo, psoriasis). 74 74

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise alopecia: debridement: 75 75

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise alopecia: absence or loss of hair, especially of the head; also known as baldness debridement: removal of necrotized tissue from a traumatic or infected area by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents; used to promote healing and prevent infection 76 76

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise diaphoresis: hirsutism: 77 77

Vocabulary Challenge Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Vocabulary Challenge Exercise diaphoresis: medical condition in which a person sweats excessively and unpredictably even when the temperature is cool or when they are at rest hirsutism: excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women; may be due to hypersecretion of testosterone 78 78

Medical and Surgical Procedures 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures Debridement Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue, especially in a wound Mohs surgery Fixation of tumor tissue in place and subsequent removal of one layer of tumor tissue, which is then examined microscopically Repetition of procedure until entire tumor is removed 79

Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Medical and Surgical Procedures (continued) Skin graft Allograft Autograft Synthetic Xenograft 80 80

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise To prevent infection, the physician removes foreign and necrosed material from Mr. K’s wound. The therapeutic procedure is charted as (allograft, cryotherapy, debridement). Ms. J. is diagnosed with verrucae on her left hand. The dermatologist freezes and destroys the lesion with nitrogen. This procedure is known as (cryosurgery, debridement, UV). 81 81

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise To prevent infection, the physician removes foreign and necrosed material from Mr. K’s wound. The therapeutic procedure is charted as (allograft, cryotherapy, debridement). Ms. J. is diagnosed with verrucae on her left hand. The dermatologist freezes and destroys the lesion with nitrogen. This procedure is known as (cryosurgery, debridement, UV). 82 82

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The surgeon informs Mrs. T. that layer-by- layer her skin tumor will be excised until it is removed. What is this type of surgery called? Mrs. X. is informed that pus will be removed from her abscess by incising and draining it. The procedure is abbreviated as . 83 83

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise The surgeon informs Mrs. T. that layer-by- layer her skin tumor will be excised until it is removed. What is this type of surgery called? Mohs surgery Mrs. X. is informed that pus will be removed from her abscess by incising and draining it. The procedure is abbreviated as I&D. 84 84

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr X., a burn patient, is given a transplant of healthy tissue from his son. What is this type of transplant known as? Mr. G., a fireman who suffers from chemical burns, is having healthy tissue transplanted from a pig. What is this type of transplant called? 85 85

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mr X., a burn patient, is given a transplant of healthy tissue from his son. What is this type of transplant known as? homograft or allograft Mr. G., a fireman who suffers from chemical burns, is having healthy tissue transplanted from a pig. What is this type of transplant called? xenograft or heterograft 86 86

Diagnostic Procedures 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures Scratch (prick) skin test Identification of suspected allergens via placement of a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin (allergy skin scratch testing kit shown in the illustration) Pedagogical Note: You may want to bring a few diagnostic instruments or laboratory set-ups for students to examine. Various images of medical instruments are available on the web if you do not have the actual instruments. In addition, other diagnostic procedures can be included to suit individual classroom needs.

Diagnostic Procedures (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures (continued) Intradermal allergy skin test Identification of suspected allergens via subcutaneous injection of small amounts of extracts on the suspected allergens and observation of the skin for subsequent reaction

Diagnostic Procedures (continued) 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Diagnostic Procedures (continued) Biopsy Tissue sample removed from the body for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise instrument to cut skin: pertaining to within the skin: study of skin: 90 90

Build a Medical Word Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Build a Medical Word Exercise instrument to cut skin: derm/a/tome or dermat/o/tome pertaining to within the skin: intra/derm/al study of skin: dermat/o/logy 91 91

Pharmacology Antibiotics Antifungals Antipruritics Corticosteroids 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Pharmacology Antibiotics Antifungals Antipruritics Corticosteroids 92 92

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise To treat a bacterial skin infection, the physician prescribes a(n) (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). Ms. B. developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a(n) (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). 93 93

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise To treat a bacterial skin infection, the physician prescribes an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). Ms. B. developed a poison ivy rash after a camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). 94 94

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. is diagnosed with ringworm and is treated with a(n) (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). Mr. J. develops a rash between his toes which is diagnosed as athlete’s foot. His physician suspects it was caused from walking barefoot in the locker room. The doctor treats this infection with an (antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial) drug. 95 95

Clinically Related Exercise 5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Clinically Related Exercise Mrs. K. is diagnosed with ringworm and is treated with an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid). Mr. J. develops a rash between his toes which is diagnosed as athlete’s foot. His physician suspects it was caused from walking barefoot in the locker room. The doctor treats this infection with an (antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial) drug. 96 96

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