Be careful, a spy is following you!

2 Outline – Overview Introduction - What is RFID ? Radio frequency spectrum How does RFID work ? Technical contraints

Radio Frequency Identification Automatic Identification procedure Barcodes Optical Character Recognition Fingerprinting procedure Data transmitted via radio frequency Use of tags to identify objects ID Memory on board Read / Read + Write Applications examples… (EAS, Animal ID,…) What is RFID ?

4 Radio frequency spectrum HF (13,56MHz - ISM) electromagnetic spectrum radio frequency SLF ELF infrared optical spectrum ultraviolet X-ray Gamma ray ULF VLF LF (125kHz) MF VHF UHF (900MHz) SHF (2,4GHz - microwave) EHF Industry Science Medical (ISM) Low frequencies

5 What does RFID look like ? Mainly 2 components Readers Transponders (tags) Here are some readers......

6 And here are some tags…

7 Components of an RFID system Tag Passive, active and semi-passive Readers

8 Communication Inductive coupling Transformer type Transceiver Tag Reader antenna RFID Tag IC or microprocessor antenna

9 Communication Transceiver Tag Reader antenna RFID Tag IC or microprocessor antenna Propagation coupling

10 Limitations Collision Tag orientation Viruses

11 RFID APPLICATIONS Access control Identifying & monitoring object RFID & GSM integration

12 ACCESS CONTROL Online systems Offline systems RFID technology used in the public transportation Vehicle theft prevention

13 IDENTIFYING & MONITORING OBJECT Animals or humans Industry RFID taking out the trash Inventory maintenance

14 RFID & GSM INTEGRATION Transponder or reader within smart phones Connection to GSM or other wireless network Information stored in wireless network central database

15 Outline – Overview Introduction Legal&Ethical aspects in: USA EUROPE Summary

16 Introduction Transmission (authorized or unauthorized) of personal data If unauthorized, it can be considered as a breach of personal privacy Personal privacy is punishable What’s Personal privacy?

17 USA Use in this country is really huge and in advance compared to other countries or nations What is Personal Privacy in American Law? Not so concerned as European authorities with the use of RFID and the Personal Privacy linked to it. NO federal law about this notion! Citizens Group intervening: CASPIAN

18 Picture

19 EUROPE Late about RFID technology but in advance over the USA for protecting laws European citizens know RFID: a part of them believe in laws and others do not! 1 SOURCE : Forester Research (report published in March 2004 ) 1

The concept of privacy is very important in the EU What is Personal Privacy in European Laws? There is a really good protection of the European citizens for Private Life’s problems The European Commission is studying the RFID case A European Directive about Personal Privacy protects people Another text, more complete, will be created in the course of 2006 EUROPE

21 Future in Europe « From RFID to the Internet of things » March

22 RFID implementation process Introduction Findings Summary

The research subject Implementation process The research aims RFID interest Implementation reasons Advantages and challenges Ethical and legal aspects Market conductiveness Zmienic!!!!!!!! Introduction

24 Introduction The research methods desk research field research – the questionnaire The research details 6 companies (3 countries) 2 small, 2 medium and 2 big Focus-logistics Generalization difficulties

25 RFID benefits RFID challenges ROI Launching time Company’s reengineering Ethical and legal aspects Findings

26 RFID benefits

27 RFID primary challenges

28 Return on Investment SmallMediumBig Company size 1-5% 6-10% 11-20% >20% Expected ROI level

29 Launching time

30 Ethical and legal aspects

31 Company’s reengineering

32 Summary Interest in RFID Different implementation stages Similar challenges Similar benefits Focus on the customers and business partners needs Slight ethical and legal aspects