Cheryl J. Reed, O.D.. Snellen Visual Acuity A measure of smallest high contrast symbol that patient can see and recognize Test Distance / Distance at.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Falls prevention. As you get older, so do your eyes This can affect your life in many ways.
Advertisements

Vision after 40. Symptoms Reading is blurred Eye strain/headache Avoiding close work Holding reading materials at a distance.
G UIDELINES FOR PRESCRIBING OPTICAL DEVICES AND TRAINING 23 February 2012.
Earth in Yellow Flower Presenter Name By PresenterMedia.comPresenterMedia.com By Sumitra Marda Optometrist, Ocularist, Low vision specialist, Sportvision.
Glaucoma Presented by: Angela Garcia Denniqua Holloway Maria Pimentel
Review – for marks! 1) What is the difference between a mirror an a lens? 2) Why do you think we have a lens in our eye instead of a mirror?
Sensory Physiology Vision, Hearing, and Orientation.
The Eye and Sight Contrast ways in which light rays are bend by concave and convex lenses. Describe how a prism forms a visible spectrum Explain why different.
Eye Disease Simulations Lien Bui Period 2. Normal Vision Normal vision is also known as “20/20” meaning that a person can see details from 20 feet away.
Parts of the Eye - Pupil.
Low Vision Aids.
Thin Lens Equation Distances of virtual images are negative & distances of real images are positive. Heights are positive if upright (above P.A.) and negative.
Eyes and Vision [Name of Presenter] Doctor of Optometry.
LET’S TALK LOW VISION Suleiman Alibhai, O.D. Retina Group of Washington Krista M. Davis, O.D., F.A.A.O. Columbia Lighthouse for the Blind.
Assessment and Management of Patients With Eye and Vision Disorders
Bellwork 1. Explain the difference between rods and cones. What happens if someone is missing a certain kind of cone? Answer: Rods work in the dark and.
Supplies: Print: 10 Demo:.
VISION DEFECTS.
Eye Disease and Their View. – Color-Blind – Macular degeneration – Cataracts – Diabetic retinopathy – Glaucoma – Presbyopia-refractive error – Diplopia.
Lesson 3 Our eyes work in a way that is similar to a camera. Like the click of a camera lens, in the blink of an eye images are formed in the process of.
 MANAGING PATIENT REQUIREMENTS DURING VISUAL ACUITY  USING TOOLS FOR TESTING DISTANCE AND NEAR VISUAL ACUITY  HAND HELD CARD  SNELLENS CHART  DISTANCE.
Driving and vision. The importance of good vision for driving can not be overemphasised.
3-D Vision One person holds test tube at arms length Other holds pencil in arm upright Try to swing down lower arm to place pencil directly in test tube.
Eye Conditions HCT II. Amblyopia Lazy eye (amblyopia) is decreased vision that results from abnormal visual development in infancy and early childhood.
Presented by Jessica M. Borges Certified Ophthalmic Technician-JCAHPO HOW DO WE SEE?
Senses- The Eye The human eye is the organ which gives us the sense of sight, allowing us to learn more about the surrounding world (environment) than.
Lesson 3 Our eyes work in a way that is similar to a camera. Like the click of a camera lens, in the blink of an eye images are formed in the process.
Visual Perception Kit Carolina $
The Human Eye 6 th Grade Science. Parts of the Eye Eye Socket Pupil Cornea Iris Eyelashes Eyelid Sclera Orbital Muscles Optic Nerve Lens.
The Human Eye Written for Physics 106 Friday, Nov. 7, 2008 A good web site for learning much about the anatomy of the human eye is :
Better Health. No Hassles. [Name of Presenter] Children’s Eyes and Vision.
How We See Chapter *Light enters the eye through an opening called the pupil. The light is refracted by the lens and cornea and creates an image.
Human Eye  A human eyeball is like a simple camera! Sclera: White part of the eye, outer walls, hard, like a light-tight box. Cornea and crystalline lens.
3.04 Functions and disorders of the eye
The Senses. Windows on the World The eyes are the most sensitive and delicate organs we possess. which is probably why we rely on our eyesight more.
VISION AND VISUAL PERCEPTION The visual system is made up of: the eyes, visual cortex and visual association cortex Each eye is set into protective cavities.
Communication with the Outside World
Visual Acuity Testing. Objectives Define normal values Describe the rationale for following proper procedures while performing a visual acuity test. Demonstrate.
As you read this, do you wonder why you’re able to? Or what's involved?
Senses. Sensory relationships –All of our senses respond to stimuli in the environment –Each sense has its own specific organ –In each sense organ there.
ARTIFICIAL EYE By U.Sandhya Rani 08A91A04A7.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline Chapter 27 Physics, 4 th Edition James S. Walker.
Lenses. Applications of Light Refraction What are some common applications of the refraction of light? Cameras Microscopes Lenses Eyeglasses Human eye.
JP© 1 THE EYE JP© 2 sclera pupil iris JP© 3 cornea sclera choroid retina fovea vitreous humour aqueous humour blind spot optic nerve pupil iris.
The Eye and Sight Describe the relationship between the structure of the eye and sight Contrast ways in which light rays are bent by concave and convex.
VISUAL IMPAIRMENT.
The Human Eye 13.6 Optics THE HUMAN EYE: How Images Are Formed The human eye gathers light from objects. In a healthy eye, a smaller, inverted, real.
Chapter Twelve Individuals With Visual Impairments.
Lenses. Diverging and Converging Lenses Double Convex lenses focus light rays to a point on the opposite side of the lens. Double Concave lenses diverge.
The Eyes and Vision. I. Anatomy of the Eye The eye consists of 3 layers or tunics Fibrous tunic- The eye consists of 3 layers or tunics Fibrous tunic-
1 Copyright © 2011, 2007, 2003, 1999 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Assisting in Ophthalmology Chapter 37.
The Senses Sight and Hearing. Vision – Anatomy of the eye.
Children’s Eyes and Vision [Name of Presenter] Doctor of Optometry.
VISUAL ACUITY. Visual Acuity: Is the smallest visual angle that a person can see clearly. We will talk about four very different tasks… Yet all of these.
Dr. Raj Patel OD - Vancouver Vision Clinic
Vision Vision is much more complicated because these signals have to be processed into a 3-D image Vision is much more complicated because these signals.
Eye Anatomy Human eye ball is about 1 inch in diameter.
Minds-on. The Human Eye The Eye vs. the Camera The EyeThe Camera Opens and closes to adjust the amount of light that enters The IrisThe diaphragm.
Perception l The process by which sensory input is organized and formulated into “meaningful experiences” l Nativism vs Empiricism.
Eye Structure and Seeing Light. The eye is like a camera: Light enters, is focused on a surface, and a picture is made. Light enters your eye through.
Visual acuity and color vision. Aims and Objectives Understand the principles behind vision testing Perform an accurate visual acuity To differentiate.
VISION 3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES LEARNING OBJECTIVES Visual processing Visual processing Visual pathways Visual pathways Lesions in the pathways & test Lesions.
Ishihara test for color blindness
VISION SCREENING 101.
DISORDERS OF THE EYE.
Lens Types & Terminology
Vision Seeing is Believing.
Problems with Vision.
Visual acuity, Visual field & Binocular vision
Cases of ARMD in Low vision Jasmin modi 9/10/20191.
Presentation transcript:

Cheryl J. Reed, O.D.

Snellen Visual Acuity A measure of smallest high contrast symbol that patient can see and recognize Test Distance / Distance at which letter subtends 5 minutes of arc or detail subtends 1 minute of arc

Examples 20/20 Test distance = 20 feet Distance at which letter subtends 5’ arc = 20 feet 10/200Test distance = 10 feet Distance at which letter subtends 5’ arc = 200 feet - Visual acuity refers to smallest letter size that patient gets half or more correct on line.

Anatomy of Eye Cornea Aqueous Crystalline lens Vitreous Retina Macula Fovea Optic Nerve Brain

To get good visual acuity:  Light must pass through cornea, aqueous, lens, and vitreous  Light must focus on retina  Image must “land” on macula  Retina must respond to visual stimuli by generating photochemical reaction  Electrical stimuli must be transmitted from retina to brain  To get good binocular acuity, two eyes must accurately point to image and the two images fuse into a single image  Higher processing areas must interpret image

To get good visual acuity cont’d:  Good visual acuity is necessary for :  Reading small print  Recognizing people at distance  Reading signs at distance

To get good visual acuity cont’d.:  Factors which affect acuity:  Environmental factors –  lighting, optotype, crowding, position of chart  Patient factors –  Fatigue, nervousness, eye movements, fixation, motivation Can You See This?

To learn about acuity and functional vision, must observe patient and observe chart. Test R.E, L.E., O.U. Visual behaviors 1. Central, eccentric 2. Stable, wandering, nystagmus, unsteady 3. Head or body movement 4. Squinting or shutting one eye 5. Use of glasses (peeking over glasses, viewing through bifocal segment)

Chart Observation 1. Missing or skipping letters 2. Confusion of similar letters 3. Reading speed (especially note if large, supra- threshold letters are read with same difficulty as threshold letters 4. Note any observation made by patient (i.e. distortion, hallucination, blurred areas)

Expected visual behaviors during acuity testing with: 1. Large central or paracentral scotoma a) Suprathreshold letters easier to see b) Eccentric gaze or head movement c) Instruction in eccentric fixation helpful d) Scotoma to right – reading slow across line e) Scotoma to left – line returns difficult, may miss first letter(s)

2. Large scotoma with small area of sparing a) Patient complaints worse than acuity would suggest b) Small letters may be easier to see than larger letters c) Getting close not necessarily helpful d) Lighting more helpful than magnification e) Reading slow and loss of place common

3. Multiple small scotomata around fixation a) depends on size, location, and density of scotoma b) combination of above 4. Dominant eye is poorer eye a) Binocular acuity may be poorer than monocular b) May try to squint dominant eye shut

5. Strabismus a) Observe eye turn b) May report double vision c) May squint one eye shut d) May use head turn to try to align eyes or block one eye

6. Homonymous hemianopsia a) History of stroke, head trauma, or tumor b) Observe head turn in direction of field loss c) May (or may not) miss letters on one side of chart

Eye DiseaseVisual Behavior Rehabilitation Strategy Age Related Macular Degeneration (Wet Form) Random head movement to the right Teach eccentric fixation to right or upper right Instruct patient to point past word when reading Use CCTV which scrolls word to left as patient reads Random head movement to left Teach eccentric fixation to left or upper left Keep left thumb at beginning of line and use as line return guide

Eye DiseaseVisual BehaviorRehabilitation Strategy Age Related Macular Degeneration (atrophic) Fixation is central or slightly paracentral Use minimal magnification Use bright illumination to maximize contrast Typoscope helpful to keep place More visual complaints than would be predicted by relatively good visual acuity

Eye Disease Visual BehaviorRehabilitation Strategy Congenital Nystagmus Views with chin down and eyes in upward gaze Use reading stand to position page Desktop CCTV often helpful Bifocal not helpful Views with head to left and eyes in right gaze Position CCTV or computer monitor to right Position student in classroom in front and left of center Consider referral for prism glasses or extra ocular muscle surgery

Eye DiseaseVisual BehaviorRehabilitation Strategy Right Homonymous Hemianopsia Skips letters on right side of chart Encourage patient to shift gaze and turn head to right Consider referral for application of base right prism to glasses Under Corrected Myopia or Nearsightedness Patient pushes glasses close to face to read chart Patient squints when trying to read eye chart Refer for refraction

Eye DiseaseVisual Behavior Rehabilitation Strategy Under corrected Hyperopia or Farsightedness Patient lets glasses slip down nose or pulls farther from face Refer for refraction Patient views though bifocal, trifocal or lower part of progressive addition lens

Eye DiseaseVisual BehaviorRehabilitation Strategy Cone DystrophyPatient squints, drops head or shades eyes with hand Use dark amber or red/orange sunglasses Use ball cap or visor Patient squints May turn head (see congenital nystagmus) Use dark amber or grey sunglasses Use ball cap or visor Albinism

Eye Disease Visual BehaviorRehabilitation Strategy Congenital Toxoplasmosis Patient uses stable eccentric gaze May help to position CCTV or computer monitor opposite direction of gaze