Social Organizational Patterns, The Arts, and Religion

Global Trade and Interaction Asian trade was focused in Asia and the Indian Ocean Silver from the Americas created the GLOBAL ECONOMY Mercantilism- Exporting more goods than importing, while holding on to gold and silver Joint-Stock Company- a business entity which is owned by shareholders. Each shareholder owns the portion of the company in proportion to his or her ownership of the company's shares (certificates of ownership).

Examples of Joint-Stock Companies The Virginia Company Dutch East India Company Muscovy Company (Russia) British East India Company

Columbian Exchange (Quick Review) American foods became staple crops in various parts of Europe. Grown on plantations through coerced labor. Examples: potatoes, maize, manioc (cassava, roots and tapioca) Cash crops: sugar, tobacco Domesticated animals brought to the Americas: horses, cattle, pigs The Afro-Eurasian populations benefited from the American food crops Affected the Americas through soil depletion and deforestation in order to clear fields for crops to grow

New Religions Vodun in the Caribbean- Vodun centers around the vodun spirits and other elements of divine essence that govern the Earth, VOODOO. The cults of saints in Latin America- Some of these colonial saints were eventually canonized by the Church, others never achieved official status, even though they became the object of a cult following Sikhism in South Asia- a monotheistic religion founded during the 15th century in the Punjab region, by Guru Nanak and engage in social reform through the pursuit of justice for all human beings

Coerced Labor Chattel slavery- treated as personal property (bought and sold) Indentured Servants- Contract to work (usually seven years) for their passage to the new world Encomienda Hacienda Mita

The New Elites The Manchus of China- reunified Jurchen tribes, established a military system called "Eight Banners.” Started by Nurhaci and were in power after the Ming dynasty collapsed. Creole elites European Gentry Urban commercial entrepreneurs in all major port cities throughout the world

The Old Elites The Zamindars in the Mughal Empire- an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and held control over his peasants. The nobility of Europe The daimyo in Japan- the term daimyo came to be applied to those military lords who began exercising territorial control (and later proprietary rights) over the various private estates into which the country had become divided.