MECH 4692 / 7470 Renewable Energy

Introduction  John Woods, P. Eng.  B.Sc. EE 1983 University of Manitoba  M.Sc. EE 1986U of M  PhD ?U of M  KGS Group  330 People, 5 offices across Canada  Hydroelectricity, Floodway, Ethanol Plant

Authors: Hewitt Crane, Edwin Kinderman Ripudaman Malhotra Oxford University Press Cubic Mile of Oil = x liters 26.2 x 10 9 Barrels 153 x Btu’s Electrical Equivalent Primary Energy Equivalent: 45 x kWh End-use 15.3 x kWh Hard coal: 5.10 x tons 153 x Cubic Feet of Natural Gas Approximate world oil consumption in 2000 In 2006 grown to around 1.06 CMO Terra Watt-hour 1000 GWh, 1,000,000 MWh

Primary Energy Sources Exhibit 2.3

Energy Sources 2006 Data Exhibit 3.1

Total Energy 2006 Data

World Energy Consumption To: 2007 Exhibit 2.2

Distributed Generation

Author: Gilbert Masters Publisher: Wiley-Interscience 2004 Incident Solar Radiation INSOLATION

Solar Surface

Air Mass ratio

Seasons and Earth Tilt

Larger Cycles are part of the equation: 100,000 year eccentricity 41,000 year obliquity 23,000 year precession

Solar Noon – Tilt Angle

Capturing the Sun

Direct, Diffuse & Reflected

Calculations

Software

Solar Project

FIT and microFIT  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  A feed-in tariff (FiT, feed-in law, advanced renewable tariff, or renewable energy payments) is a policy mechanism designed to encourage the adoption of renewable energy sources  Ontario Government sponsored program  Encourage RE business, eliminate coal

Ontario Government Programs

Energy Canada Local Hydro states: “We offer Ontario's guaranteed lowest 5-year residential electricity rate at 7.15 cents per kilowatt hour”

Building Aspects 3 Story Office Building

Insolation Latitude 50

PV Building Blocks

System

Electrical System

Panels

Cost

Software Output

Economics 1

Economics 2

Qualifying Percentages ItemDesignated Activity Qualifying Percentage 1Silicon that has been used as input to solar photovoltaic cells manufactured in an Ontario refinery.10 2Silicon ingots and wafers, where silicon ingots have been cast in Ontario and wafers have been cut from the casting by a saw in Ontario. 12 3The crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cells, where their active photovoltaic layer(s) have been formed in Ontario. 10 4Solar photovoltaic modules (i.e., panels), where the electrical connections between the solar cells have been made in Ontario, and the solar photovoltaic module materials have been encapsulated in Ontario. 13 5Inverter, where the assembly, final wiring and testing has been done in Ontario.9 6Mounting system, where the structural components of the fixed or moving mounting system, have been entirely machined or formed or cast in Ontario. The metal for the structural components may not have been pre- machined outside Ontario other than peeling/roughing of the part for quality control purposes when it left the smelter or forge. The machining and assembly of the mounting system must entirely take place in Ontario (i.e. bending, welding, piercing, and bolting). 9 7Wiring and electrical hardware that is not part of other designated activities (i.e., items 1 to 6 and 8 of this table), sourced from an Ontario supplier. 10 8All on- and off-site labour and services. For greater certainty, this designated activity shall apply for all contract facilities. 27 Total:100