WARM-UP 10/31/11 Teach the Teacher: Tell me everything you know about DNA. Review: Name as many female and male reproductive parts as you can. Learning Target: What makes up DNA? What does DNA do at the cellular level?

CRACKING THE CODE OF LIFE DNA

DNA 101 DNA stands for deoxyribose nucleic acid What is a nucleic acid (one of four..)___________ 5 cm long nucleic acid molecule that contains hereditary material—tells cell its function and structure

FUNCTIONS DNA controls all the chemical changes which take place in cells The kind of cell which is formed, (muscle, blood, nerve etc The kind of organism which is produced (buttercup, giraffe, herring, human etc)

FUNCTIONS DNA does it’s dirty work by making proteins… PROTEINS ARE LIKE TEXT MESSAGES AND BRICKS.. communicate and build things

MADE OF large molecule made up of a long chain of sub-units The sub-units are called nucleotides Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar called deoxyribose a phosphate group -PO 4 and an organic base

RIBOSE AND DEOXYRIBOSE Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five carbon atoms in its molecule Deoxyribose is almost the same but lacks one oxygen atom Both molecules may be represented by the symbol

The most common organic bases are Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Guanine (G) THE BASES 5

The deoxyribose,the phosphate and one of the bases adenine deoxyribose PO 4 Combine to form a nucleotide NUCLEOTIDES 6

The bases always pair up in the same way Adenine forms a bond with Thymine and Cytosine bonds with Guanine BONDING 1 10 AdenineThymine Cytosine Guanine

GENETIC CODE 1 The sequence of bases in DNA forms the Genetic Code The different amino acids and the order in which they are joined up determines the sort of protein being produced A group of three bases ( a triplet ) controls the production of a particular amino acid in the cytoplasm of the cell 19

WARM-UP 11/3/11 Teach the Teacher: What is one thing you want to learn before you die (speak another language, learn how to fix a car, etc.)? Review: Tell me as much as you can about DNA…. Learning Targets: What is replication? How do genes code for traits?

GALLERY WALK 1. What are characteristics of a good, eye-catching poster? 2. Give me 4 facts from subjects other then the ones you did…

Ser-Cyst-Val-Gly-Ser-Cyst Ala Val Val-Cyst-Ser-Ala-Ser-Cyst-Gly Val- Cyst-Ala-Ala-Ser-Gly This is a small, imaginary protein molecule showing how a sequence of 5 different amino acids could determine the shape and identity of the molecule Each amino acid ( Serine, Cysteine, Valine, Glycine and Alanine) is coded for by a particular triplet of bases GENETIC CODE 2 20

This is known as the triplet code Each triplet codes for a specific amino acid CGA - CAA - CCA - CCA - GCT - GGG - GAG - CCA - AlaValGly ArgProLeuGly AlaValGly ArgProLeuGly The amino acids are joined together in the correct sequence to make part of a protein TRIPLET CODE 22

ENZYMES So DNA exerts its control through the enzymes The DNA controls which enzymes are made and the enzymes determine what reactions take place The proteins build the cell structures

GENES A sequence of triplets in the DNA molecule may code for a complete amino acid Such a sequence forms a gene There may be a thousand or more bases in one gene

REPLICATION Before a cell divides, the DNA strands unwind and separate Each strand makes a new partner by adding the appropriate nucleotides The result is that there are now two double- stranded DNA molecules in the nucleus So that when the cell divides, each nucleus contains identical DNA This process is called replication

GENETIC CODE Each amino acid is specified by a particular combination of 3 nucleotides, called codons Different species can use one codon over another for the same amino acid

WARM-UP 11/7 Teach the Teacher: If you had to babysit a 5 year old what would be the coolest thing to do? Review: What are the four nitrogen bases that make up DNA? Learning Target: What are the “leggo” pieces of DNA? What are current issues regarding DNA?

FLASH CARD On the front: Nucleotide On the back: The “lego” of DNA: sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases

FLASH CARD On the front: Nitrogen bases On the back: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine Makes genetic code

FLASH CARD On the front: Amino Acid On the back: Building block of proteins, coded by a triplet of nitrogen bases

FLASH CARD On the front: Replication On the back: Process by which DNA is doubled before cell division

WARM-UP 11/9/11 Teach the Teacher: What is one of the most important things your grandparents, guardians, auntie, uncle, or other trusted adult has taught you? Review: List as many flash card words as you can think of about DNA (in fact you should look at the flashcards…I give you permission) Learning Targets: Learn the process for DNA analysis in crimes scenes. Investigate issues surrounding DNA determining blood quantum.

HIGH COUNTRY NEWS ARTICLE 1.What are the positive and negatives of using blood quantum? Be balanced. 2. What do you think?

WARM-UP 11/10/11 Teach the Teacher: What would be (or is) the best thing about being a twin? Review: What is a way that our bodies must maintain homeostasis? Learning Targets: DNA characteristics and current issues. What is human cloning?

TRASH BASKETBALL!!!

DEOXYRIBOSE NUCLEIC ACID IS…. DNA Nucleotide

THYMINE, CYTOSINE, ADENINE, AND GUANINE ARE…. Amino acids Nitrogen bases

PROTEINS DO WHAT IN THE CELL? Send messages and build stuff like muscle and cells Make bones

AMINO ACIDS Make up proteins Make up nucleotide

THREE NITROGEN BASES MAKE UP A Coden or triplet Enzymes

THE PROCESS BY WHICH DNA DOUBLES IN THE CELL Nucleotides Replication

A PHOSPHATE GROUP, NITROGEN BASE, AND A SUGAR MAKE UP WHAT? Enzyme Nucleotide

THIS IS THE LEGO OF DNA Nucleotide Enzyme

THIS IS A MACROMOLECULE Nucleic acid Coden

CYTOSINE WILL BOND WITH Thymine Guanine

THYMINE WILL BOND WITH adenine cytosine

GAU AUU CUU CUG CCC ACA