Development- Getting Started Unit 4 Lesson 1

Objectives  Define developmental psychology and discuss primary areas of interest.  Discuss how psychologists study development.  Describe prenatal development.  Identify neonatal abilities.

Warm Up  What is developmental psychology?  Study of progressive changes in human traits and abilities that occur throughout a lifespan

Areas of Development  Physical Dvpt All physiological changes that take place All physiological changes that take place  Cognitive Dvpt Changes associated with thinking processes of behavior Changes associated with thinking processes of behavior  Social Dvpt Changes in self-identity…changes in interaction w/others and the environment Changes in self-identity…changes in interaction w/others and the environment

Major Issues  Nature vs Nurture  Are we more affected by heredity or environment?  Continuity vs Discontinuity  Is dvpt change gradual or do we progress through distinct stages?

Methods  Longitudinal: Study same group over period of time… Child A at 10 yrs  14 yrs  18 yrs old Child A at 10 yrs  14 yrs  18 yrs old  Cross-Sectional: Study different groups at same time… Child A 10 yrs old Child A 10 yrs old Child B 14 yrs old Child B 14 yrs old Child C 18 yrs old Child C 18 yrs old

Methods  Cross-Sequential: Mix of above… Child A at 10  14  18 Child B at 14  18  22 Child C at 18  22  26  Studies discern milestones: most typical aspects of dvpt

Periods of Human Life Span  Conception  Prenatal Period (0-9 m)  Infancy (B-20 m) Neonatal (B-3 weeks) Neonatal (B-3 weeks)  Toddlerhood (1-3 y)  Preschool Period (3-6 y)  Middle Childhood (6-Pub)  Adolescence (Pub-21)  Young Adulthood (21-40)  Middle Adulthood (40-65)  Late Adulthood (65+)

Prenatal Dvpt Time pd from conception to birth  Physical Dvpt: Cephalocaudal Cephalocaudal Head to TailHead to Tail Proximodistal Proximodistal Center OutwardCenter Outward  Teratogens: Disease agents, drugs, environmental agents that can cause birth defects  Alcohol  Recreational Drugs, Rx Drugs  Smoking  X-Rays  Ingested toxins, lead  Illnesses  Poor nutrition

Stages of Prenatal Development GerminalEmbryonicFetal “IT” Referred to as Zygote Period of Time Important Dvpt? Conception – Fertilization of egg in fallopian tube

Stages of Prenatal Development GerminalEmbryonicFetal “It” Referred to as ZygoteEmbryoFetus Period of Time 1 st 2 weeks 2 – 8 weeks 8 weeks – 9 months Important Dvpt? Rapid cell division, Attach to uterus Cell differentiation, Beginning of organ and limb formation Growth, Dvpt of organs and limbs, sex organs, human characteristics : http//

Newborn “Equipment”  Sophisticated sensory and motor abilities Genetic program Neural connections  APGAR Test Measures medical condition at birth  Innate Abilities birth

Reflex or Learned?  Sucking on a pacifier  Turning towards mom when she enters a room  Flaring the toes when the bottom of the foot is stroked  Being able to stand without support  Babbling the linguistic sounds of the parents  Grasping onto an extended pair of fingers & hanging onto them  Responding when startled by extending the arms outward and upward

Newborn “Equipment”  Reflexes- Simple, unlearned responses to specific stimuli Grasping Grasping Rooting Rooting Sucking Sucking Moro Moro Withdrawal Withdrawal Babinski Babinski Sphincter Sphincter Breathe, Sneeze, Cough, Yawn, Blink Breathe, Sneeze, Cough, Yawn, Blink

Newborn “Equipment”  Sensory Development Vision Hearing Smell Taste Touch the-womb?page=2

Assessing the Neonate  Habituation- Built in tendency to get easily bored with familiar things, and attend to new ones.  Habituation indicates learning! ans-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/ ans-medicine/my-baby-the-lab-rat/

Temperament  Personality features babies are born with (1970’s Thomas & Chess) (1970’s Thomas & Chess)  Easy 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset easy 40% happy, adapt easily, regular sleep/eat patterns, don’t upset easy  Slow-to-warm-up 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences, patterns less regular. 15% less cheerful/adaptable. Cautious w/new experiences, patterns less regular.  Difficult 10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns. 10% glum & irritable, dislike change. Irregular sleep/eat patterns.

Closure  Identify the three different methods of developmental research. Longitudinal Longitudinal Cross-Sectional Cross-Sectional Cross-Sequential Cross-Sequential

Homework  Life Span Development Decades Activity