The process of producing offspring which is a characteristic of life.

 Scrotum: Contains testes Located behind the base of the penis Produces sperm  Epididymis: Coiled tube within the scrotum Place in which sperm complete their maturation Holding place for mature sperm  Vas Deferens: Duct that transports sperm from epididymis to exit the body

 Urethra: Tube inside penis Transports sperm out of body Also transports urine  ( muscle at base of bladder that doesn’t allow sperm and urine to mix)  Seminal Vesicles: Glands at base of bladder Secrete mucous like fluid to the vas deferens Fluid is rich in fructose which provides energy for the sperm

 Prostate Gland: Below urinary bladder Surrounds top portion of urethra Secretes a thin fluid Fluid is a base and helps the sperm move  Bulbourethral Glands: Located beneath the prostate Secretes clear, sticky fluid Fluid is a base which helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and female vagina.

 Sperm are the male version of gametes.  Contain ½ the genetic material as original cell Hapliods!  Three Parts: Head Midpiece Tail

 Head Contains a cap that has an enzyme that helps penetrate the egg Nucleus that contains the genetic material  Midpiece Contains Mitochondria Produces energy for the sperm  Tail Flagellum Propels Sperm

Head that contains the nucleus Cap which contains enzymes Flagella which aids in movement Midpiece which contains mitochondria

Scrotum (Sperm is produced) Epididymis (Holds sperm) Vas Deferens (Seminal vesicles, Prostate, and Bulbourethral Secrete Fluids. Urethra Out side of body Sperm are produced when the inner cells of the testes undergo meiosis. Meiosis produces four haploid cells and all become sperm cells. It takes about 74 hours for the sperm to become mature. Males can produce 300 million sperm per day.

 Time when secondary sex characteristics begin to develop  Sexual maturity is reached  Changes are controlled by sex hormones On Set of Puberty  Glands in brain secrete LSH and LH hormones  Hormones travel to testes FSH helps produce sperm cells LH helps produce testosterone

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 Ovary Where egg production takes place Females have two ovaries  1 on each side Size and shape of an almond  Oviduct (Fallopian Tubes) Tube like structure Transports egg from ovaries to uterus Open end of oviduct is near ovaries

 Uterus Place of fetus development Between bladder and rectum Normally is the size and shape of inverted pear Contains endometrium  Thin inner lining  Cervix Lower end of uterus Tapers to a narrow opening into the vagina  Vagina Passageway to the outside of the female body

 Eggs are the female sex cells Haploids! Production occurs before birth  Cells in ovaries divide until they reach Prophase I  Under go Resting stage  At birth ovaries contain 2 million of these potential eggs (oocytes)  40 thousand oocytes are found at puberty

 Occurs once a month beginning a puberty  Process of Meiosis starts again in several of the Prophase I cells.  Each cell completes Meiosis I and begins Meiosis II  Due to unequal division of cytoplasm during meiosis II one cell is smaller than the other and disintegrates---Polar Body #1

 During Meiosis II one egg ruptures from the ovary to the oviduct  If the egg is fertilized it will complete Meiosis II  Again, due to unequal division of cytoplasm one cell is small and disintegrates.  The fertilized egg then begins dividing to produce a baby!  Ovulation: process of egg rupturing from ovary and being passed to oviduct  Roughly 400 eggs are ovulated during the reproductive life of a female.

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n (egg cell) 2n Cells from inside testes n Sperm Cell n Sperm Cell n sperm cell n Sperm cell Cells in Ovaries 2n Polar Bodies

 LH and FSH hormones are produced  FSH stimulates the production of follicles Group of cells that surround the developing egg  FSH also causes the release of Estrogen which is responsible for sex characteristics

 Changes that occur in Female reproductive organs when releasing and egg and preparing for receiving egg  Begins at puberty lasts till menopause  Repeats once a month  Three Stages: Flow Phase Follicular Phase Luteal Phase  If egg is not fertilized the uterine lining is shed causing bleeding.  Process starts all over again!

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