Male / female anatomy

Warm-up What is puberty? List 5 changes that occur to the male and 5 changes that occur to the female. What system of the body is responsible for the changes that occur during puberty?

ADOLESCENSE The period of time between the start of puberty and full maturation PUBERTY Period of human development during which people become able to produce children

Physical Changes Hormones are chemical substances made and released in one part of the body that cause a change in another part of the body. The main male hormone, testosterone, and the main female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, are released at the start of puberty. Testes are the male reproductive structures that make sperm and produce the male hormone testosterone.

Stages of Physical Development: Do males and females develop at the same rate? No. Females develop earlier (11-13 years old) Males develop later (13-15 years old) It is determined by heredity, environment, and individual behavior.

What System in the body regulates the changes that occur during puberty? The ENDOCRINE System. It consists of glands and hormones throughout the body that secrete chemicals called hormones. Has many functions including control of time and amount of growth. The PITUITARY GLAND is the control center for all the body’s hormones. It is located at the base of the brain. It works together with the Circulatory and Nervous Systems to control the release of hormones from other endocrine glands that stimulate the growth and maturity of your body.

Male anatomy

testes 2 of them Also known as the testicles Produce sperm and the male hormone testosterone

scrotum Sac like structure that holds the testes Regulates the temperature of the testes In order for sperm to be produced the temperature of the testes must be a few degrees lower than normal body temperature

Epididymis One rests on the top of each testes The coiled tube measures 20 feet long in a grown man Stores sperm and allows them to mature. Sperm leaves the epididymis and enters the vas deferens.

Vas deferens A long thin duct extending up from each epididymis to the urethra in the penis Each tube is 18 inches long and has hair like projections called cillia that help move sperm along.

Seminal vesicle Adjoins the vas deferens by means of a duct During ejaculation the seminal vesicle adds fluid called seminal fluid, to the sperm for passage through the urethra. Known as semen

Prostate gland A small muscular gland that produces a fluid that prolongs sperm life. Helps to neutralize the acid environment of the vagina. Sperm unprotected by this fluid would die in an acid environment. This fluid makes up the greatest part of the semen

Cowper’s gland This tiny gland secretes a small amount of fluid that neutralizes the acid in the males urethra. Pregnancy can result even if no ejaculation occurs When a male is sexually aroused, tiny clear drops of this secretion (pre-ejaculatory fluid) can appear at the tip of the penis.

Urethra Serves as the passage way from the bladder through the prostate gland where it joins the ejaculatory duct and runs all the way down through the opening of the penis. Carries both urine and sperm, but never at the same time.

Penis May appear to be one cylinder. The penis consists of three tubes that contain the sponge-like tissue necessary for an erection. Sperm – sex cells that are produced by the testes and are needed to fertilize and egg

Foreskin A fold of skin covering the head of the penis Some boys have the foreskin removed shortly after birth through a surgical procedure called circumcision

bladder Organ responsible for holding liquid waste products.

Pubic bone One of 3 sections of the hip bone Form the front of the pelvis

Female anatomy

Ovary Females have 2 ovaries They produce eggs – females are born with 1-2 million eggs Produce estrogen and progesterone

Fimbria Finger-like processes located at the opening of the Fallopian tube.

Fallopian tubes Branch out from either side of the body of the uterus and forms the passages through which the egg is transported from the ovary into the uterus

uterus A hollow structure with a muscular lining that has a shape somewhat like that of an upside-down pear. Two inches wide across the top and one inch wide across the bottom and three inches in length Also called the Womb

Menstruation – “Period” 28 – 31 day cycle Day 1-5 (7/10) “Period” – breakdown and discharge of the uterine lining Day 6-15 “Ovulation” – an egg is released from the ovaries (Usually day 14) Day 16 – 28 (31) A. Fertilization – Pregnancy B. Leave the body – cycle starts over

cervix The neck of the uterus. The cervix is located at the narrow part of the uterus. Keeps the baby in the uterus while it grows During the birth process, the cervix opens up (or dilates) to let the baby out

vagina Birth canal A tube extending from the cervix of the uterus to the outer female sexual organs. Serves as a passageway for (1) menstrual flow (2) sperm during sexual intercourse (3) the baby during birth

clitoris Similar in sexual response as the penis. A tiny organ at the top of the labia minora containing many nerve endings, making it sensitive to sexual stimuli

labia LABIA MINORA The small and innermost set of vaginal lips, forms a small hood at the top to cover the clitoris LABIA MAJORA large and outer most set of vaginal lips

bladder Organ responsible for holding liquid waste products

urethra A passageway leading from the bladder discharging urine externally

Adulthood Vocabulary: Menopause is the period of time when a woman stops ovulating and menstruating. This typically happens between 50 and 55. Midlife crisis the sense of uncertainty about one’s identity and values that some people experience in midlife. Alzheimer’s Disease a disease in which one gradually loses mental capacities and the ability to carry out daily activities. Life Expectancy the average length of time an individual is expected to live.