Introduction to the Bodies Cavities Medical Biology-Unit 3

ALL students will be able to…  Write a ½-1 page summary describing the major cavities of the body that includes the major organs in the cavities and which systems they are a part of.

Body Cavities Ventral(Front)Dorsal(Back) ThoracicAbdomiopelvic Cranial Vertebral Canal (Chest)(Belly) (Head) (Spine) brain spinal cord PleuralAbdominal Lungsstomach, intestines liver, pancreas, spleen PericardialPelvic hearturinary bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

Dorsal cavity Ventral cavity Thoracic cavity: contains esophagus, heart, and lungs Cranial cavity: contains brain Vertebral cavity: contains spinal cord diaphragm plurae pericardium peritoneum Thoracic cavity: contains heart, lungs, and esophagus Abdominal cavity: contains stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines Pelvic cavity: contains reproductive and other organs a. b. Abdominal cavity: contains digestive and other organs Pelvic cavity: contains reproductive and other organs Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Organization of Body Cavities  The organs of the body are surrounded by membranes. These thin tissues similar to plastic bags serve as protective barriers for the organs. Each organ is “double bagged”  The parietal membrane is lining the wall of the cavity  The visceral membrane is lining the organ itself

Dorsal Cavity  The spinal cord and brain are contained within their own membranes to prevent infectious agents from entering the body’s control center “Spinal Taps” are necessary to determine chemical nature of spinal fluid

Ventral Cavity  The diaphragm separates the thoracic from the abdominopelvic cavities.  At times, due to pressure, a breakage in the abdominal cavities wall causes a portion of the visceral organs(usually the intestines) to poke out of the cavity. This is called a hernia.

 Tissues are groups of cells with a common structure and function.  Tissues are classified into four main categories: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue, and muscle tissue.

Outside of body and lines organs and cavities; held together by tight junctions Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial Descriptions:  Squamous=flat  Cuboidal=cube shape  Columnar=column shape  Simple= 1 layer  Stratified= many layers  Pseudostratified= looks like a few layers, but actually only one.

What is it?

 The major types of connective tissues in vertebrates are dense (fibrous) tissue, loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood. Each has a structure correlated with its specialized function. Connective Tissue

 Muscle cells or fibers capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses Long multi-nucleated cells  3 types of Muscular tissue:  Skeletal: voluntary movement (striated)  Cardiac: contractile wall of heart (branched striated)  Smooth: involuntary activities (no striations) Muscle Tissue

 Senses stimuli and transmits signals from 1 part of the animal to another  Nervous tissues are found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. 2 types of cells:  Neurons, or nerve cells, conduct nervous impulses  Neuroglia, Helper cells, support and nourish the neurons. Nervous Tissue

What do You Remember?  For each of the following slides, wait for Mr. Smuts to ask you what the tissue is before you answer.

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11 Organ Systems NervousIntegumentary Skeletal Muscular Circulatory SystemSystem System System System

Top (from left to right) -Respirator y System -Digestive System -Excretory System Bottom (from left to right) -Endocrine System -Reproducti ve System -Immune System

Nervous System  Central Nervous System (CNS) Brain Spinal Cord  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) All other nerves  Functions? 1.Recognizes and responds to stimulus

Integumentary System  Skin, hair, nails, etc.  Functions?  Protective barrier 1.Environment 2.Sunlight

Skeletal System  Bones, cartilage, etc.  Functions? 1.Structure 2.Support 3.Protection 4.Movement

Muscular System  Muscles  Functions? 1.Movement 2.Circulates Blood 3.Helps with Digestion

Circulatory System  Heart, blood vessels  Functions? 1.Supplies cells with oxygen and nutrients 2.Removes waste

Respiratory System  Nose, trachea, lungs, etc.  Functions? 1.Provides oxygen 2.Removes carbon dioxide

Digestive System  Mouth, stomach, intestines, etc. Accessory Organs  Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder  Functions? 1.Converts food into nutrients the cells can use 2.Eliminates waste

Excretory System  Kidneys, bladder, urethra, etc.  Functions? 1.Eliminates waste

Endocrine System  Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, etc.  Functions? 1.Growth 2.Development 3.Metabolism

Reproductive System  Male Urethra, testes, etc.  Female Ovary, uterus, etc.  Functions? 1.Produce reproductive cells 2.Nurture and protect developing embryo (females only)

Immune System  White blood cells, lymph nodes, etc.  Functions? 1.Protect from infection 2.Helps balance fluids