Polystoma integerrimum Characteristics Normal Life Cycle Neotenic Created and Presented by: Lindsey Petrovich Amanda Reinesch

Polystoma integerrimum CHARACTERISTICS NAME: Polystoma integerriumum No common name GEOGRAPHIC RANGE: Old World mainly Europe HABITAT: lives in bladders of common Old World frogs

Polystoma integerrimum CHARACTERISTICS HUMANS: no known importance to people DIET: eat blood LENGTH: Adult worms are 10 millimeters

Polystoma integerriumum CHARACTERISTICS REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE - synchronized with host’s hormones Providing a supply of hosts to hatching oncomiracidia Oncomiracidia – larvae of Monogenea Monogenea – ectoparasites of skin/gills of fish, amphibians, reptiles TWO ADULT STAGES – Normal and Neotenic Neotenic - The achievement of sexual maturity by an organism still in its larval stage

Polystoma integerrimum CHARACTERISTICS MOST ACTIVE – Spring when frogs are active DORMANT – Winter when frogs are hibernating

Polystoma integerrimum FIGURE 19.15

Polystoma integerrimum LIFE CYCLE

Polystoma integerriumum LIFE CYCLE PHASE 1 – When frogs’ gonads begin to swell and produce gametes, worms become sexually active and produce eggs that are released into the urine STEP 2 – Eggs are voided into water in frogs’ spawning area STEP 3 – Oncomiracidia hatch in 20-50 days depending on temperature of the water STEP 4 – In the 20-50 days the frogs’ eggs have developed into tadpoles (these tadpoles are the next host generation) STEP 5 – Oncomiracidia attach to the tadpoles’ gills during ventilation STEP 6 – Metamorphoses occurs and eggs are produced in 20- 25 days

Polystoma integerrimum GILL FORM (Neotenic) More narrow body Opisthaptor is not set off from the body Intestine has fewer lateral branches Ovary is different shape No uterus or genitointestinal canal

Polystoma integerriumum GILL FORM – LIFE CYCLE STEP 1 – Eggs of Polystoma integerrimum hatch in 15-20 days when the water is warm STEP 2 – The larvae then attach to tadpole gills STEP 3 – Metamorphoses begins STEP 4 – The larvae migrate to the bladder of the tadpole This process occurs over the ventral skin of the tadpole and only takes about a minute STEP 5 – Once in the bladder, the worms develop slowly This maturation process takes about four to five years STEP 6 - Eggs are produced

References and Citations http://animals.jrank.org/pages/1523/Monogeneans-Monogenea-NO-COMMON- NAME-Polystoma-integerrimum-SPECIES-ACCOUNTS.html http://www.wildanimalsonline.com/amphibians/commonfrog-ranatemporaria.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ifNvMe6zXXc/SsgN01gU_RI/AAAAAAAAAr0/11XDUDf oy0g/s400/polystoma.jpg http://parasitology.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de/login/n/h/0887.html http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/neotenic http://andrewprokos.com/d/central-park-spring- blossoms?g2_itemId=1903&g2_serialNumber=2 http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/0f/39/c2/lawn-in-winter.jpg http://giraffian.com/pictionary-files/t/tadpole.png http://stock-images.antiqueprints.com/images/sm0007-GibsonOldWorld1758.jpg http://biology.touchspin.com/images/Frog_Blood_POI1_400x_LF_7.jpg http://www.e-tutor.com/lsnpics/52133_FROG_internal3.gif