A Synthetic Approach to Dissolving Coronary Plaque By: Humberto Fernandez

Heart Disease Blocked arteries are the leading cause of death in the U.S. Takes away your artery's ability to intake oxygen-rich blood. Can lead to...Coronary Artery Disease, Blood Clots, or even worse Heart Attacks Compromised mostly of cholesterol and forms through Atherosclerosis.

Early Stages of Atherosclerosis A syndrome that affects arterial blood vessels and leads to an inflammatory response Brought upon by LDL as they don't clear macrophages/cholesterol from the arteries because they become oxidized by free radicals. These free radicals go on to damage LDL receptors which are necessary for cholesterol management

How the Body Responds Sends macrophages and T-Lymphocytes to absorb the oxidized LDL. This forms specialized foam cells which attack the endothelium of the artery lumen. These newly created foam cells finally grow and rupture.

What happens after the foam cells rupture? Athermanous plaque forms, with platelets following. This then encourages the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Once ruptured, harmful cholesterol is deposited in the artery walls.

Formation of Fatty Deposits Attracted smooth muscle cells form a fibrous cap between the fatty deposits and artery lining. Capped fatty deposits are now the plaque that forms in arteries.

Effects of Plaque Aneurysms Thrombus

Problem with All These Ramifications This cardiovascular illness often produces no symptoms Thrombus can lead to the death of an artery in 5 minutes Atherosclerosis is a body-wide process A heart attack or stroke can occur if blood flow is obstructed

How can we fix this problem? Central reason this whole process occurs is the inability of specific receptors (LDL receptors) to effectively bind to and control cholesterol levels. By improving such proteins and creating effective proteins that compete with the absorption of cholesterol, we can stop the formation of plaque

Cholesterol's Role in Atherosclerosis Two types: LDL and HDL When the cardiovascular system is deregulated in the case of plaque buildup, many LDL molecules appear in the blood without receptors on the peripheral tissue. Having a large number of these molecules leads to a high risk of atherosclerosis and a malfunction of our body's cholesterol levels. Two types of plaque are comprised mostly of cholesterol

Fallacy of Cholesterol in Body A lot of people believe cholesterol in your blood is the same cholesterol in the food you eat...but this isn't true. Instead, our body has natural mechanisms to stop increasing cholesterol levels and actually breaks down the cholesterol in the food we eat. If your body then needs cholesterol it resembles the pieces as the cholesterol is recycled throughout the body.

Determining if ones arteries are blocked Stress Test Coronary Angiography

Design

LDL/HDL Cholesterol Is Present Around Macrophage Operon is Induced and Every Promoter Sequence is Turned on Truth Table

Current Treatment Statins and their negative effects

Safety of this Design Human clinical trials have been conducted on the effect of pterostilbene. The liver receptors LXRα and LXRβ have been tested with knockout mice. Phytosterol esters have also generally been recognized as safe (GRAS) status in the US.

Important to Still Live a Healthy Life