3 To expose students to the world of GIS as it relates to water and wastewater systems. Student should learn the basic components of GIS and GPS. OBJECTIVE

OPERATOR TRAINING COMMITTEE OHIO AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION OHIO EPA OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH OHIO BOARD OF REGENTS OHIO RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION WASTEWATER PROFESSIONALS

GIS ? 6

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GIS Graphical Information System  A Graphical Information System in its simplest form is just a Map.  It does not have to be a electronic map. However in modern terms it is used to describe electronic mapping. 9

The idea that the earth was a sphere, and not a flat disc, was first advanced by philosophers of Pythagoras’ school, and brought to general attention through the writings of Plato. a 2 +b 2 =c 2 10

Ptolemy an astronomer laid the foundations of modern trigonometry. 11

Mapping the Maps: AD  Since 1978 to present the United States has been launching Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) to map out areas around the world. With new technologies mapping has become more accurate than ever before. 12

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GIS ?  ? GPS  GIS = ?  GPS = ?

GIS ?  ? GPS  GIS = Geographical Information Systems  GPS = ?

GIS ?  ? GPS  GIS = Geographical Information Systems  GPS = Global Positioning

GIS & GPS Today  Affordable GIS for Smaller Systems  Accurate Meter Locates For AMR Systems  Daily Work Task Integration  OUPS Locate Entries  Fast and Accurate Field Repairs  Autodialing for Boil Advisory Areas  Asset Management  New Projects  GPS Manholes, Outfalls, Catch Basins

GIS & GPS Today  Affordable GIS for Smaller Systems  Accurate Meter Locates For AMR Systems  Daily Work Task Integration  OUPS Locate Entries  Fast and Accurate Field Repairs  Autodialing for Boil Advisory Areas  Asset Management  New Projects  GPS Manholes, Outfalls, Catch Basins

Mapping Coordinate Systems  WGS84  World Geodetic System 1984  Latitude  Longitude  NAD83  North American Datum 1983  Ohio State Plane North 3401  Ohio State Plane South 3402  Ohio State Plane Coordinate System 19

Mapping Coordinate Systems  WGS84  World Geodetic System 1984  The World Geodetic System is a standard for use in cartography, geodesy, and navigation. It comprises a standard coordinate frame for the Earth, a standard spherodial reference surface (the datum or reference ellipsoid) for raw altitude data, and a gravitational equipotential surface (the geoid) that defines the nominal sea level. 20

Mapping Coordinate Systems  WGS84  World Geodetic System

Mapping Coordinate Systems  WGS84  World Geodetic System 1984  Latitude  Longitude  NAD83  The North American Datum is the official datum used for the primary geodetic network in North Americac 22

Mapping 23 OHIO STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM

STATE COORDINATE SYSTEMS 24

25 OHIO NORTH ZONE 3401 ALLEN, ASHLAND, ASHTABULA, AUGLAIZE, CARROLL, COLUMBIANA, COSHOCTON, CRAWFORD, CUYAHOGA, DEFIANCE, DELAWARE, ERIE, FULTON, GEAUGA, HANCOCK, HARDIN, HARRISON, HENRY, HOLMES, HURON, JEFFERSON, KNOX, LAKE, LOGAN, LORAIN, LUCAS, MAHONING, MARION, MEDINA, MERCER, MORROW, OTTAWA, PAULDING, PORTAGE, PUTNAM, RICHLAND, SANDUSKY, SENECA, SHELBY, STARK, SUMMIT, TRUMBULL, TUSCARAWAS, UNION, VAN WERT, WAYNE, WILLIAMS, WOOD, WYANDOT

26 OHIO SOUTH ZONE 3402 ADAMS, ATHENS, BELMONT, BROWN, BUTLER, CHAMPAIGN, CLARK, CLERMONT, CLINTON, DARKE, FAIRFIELD, FAYETTE, FRANKLIN, GALLIA, GREENE, GUERNSEY, HAMILTON, HIGHLAND, HOCKING, JACKSON, LAWRENCE, LICKING, MADISON, MEIGS, MIAMI, MONROE, MONTGOMERY, MORGAN, MUSKINGUM, NOBLE, PERRY, PICKAWAY, PIKE, PREBLE, ROSS, SCIOTO, VINTON, WARREN, WASHINGTON

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Introduction to Field GPS  More than just a point in space.  Provides a GPS Coordinate  Provides pertinent information of those points  Allows overlapping of other map information 28

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Recreational GPS receivers are sold at most box stores and at many sporting goods and camping stores. They are also available widely through Internet retailers. At Least 3 satellites required for a good fix. Does not provide the accuracy needed for utilities. 29

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Recreational 30

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Mapping GPS receivers are typically less user- friendly than the Recreational GPS units, and they cost significantly more. Mapping grade GPS are more accurate than recreational units, commonly to within one meter (approximately 3 feet). In this class we are teaching how to use highly accurate Mapping units to gather field data within an accuracy of 1 meter.. 31

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Mapping 32

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Surveying GPS receivers are the most accurate and the most expensive. They are accurate to within a centimeter. These GPS receivers are most often used by professional surveyors and excel in high accuracy measurements of fixed positions. z 33

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Surveying GPS receivers are the most accurate and the most expensive. They are accurate to within a centimeter. These GPS receivers are most often used by professional surveyors and excel in high accuracy measurements of fixed positions. 34

GRADES OF GPS Recreational, Mapping, & Survey Surveying 35

Satellites and Receivers How they Work  Trilateration involves the determination of absolute or relative locations of points by measurement of distances, using the geomerty of spheres or triangle but does not involve the measurement of angles. 36

Satellite Errors  Ionosphere effects ± 5 meters Ionosphere effects  Shifts in the satellite orbits± 2.5 meter  Clock errors of the satellites' clocks ± 2 meter  Multipath effect ± 1 meter Multipath effect  Tropospheric effects ± 0.5 meter  Calculation- und rounding errors ± 1 meter  PDOPPosition Dilution of Precision PDOP 37

Satellite Errors  Ionosphere effects ± 5 meters Ionosphere effects  Shifts in the satellite orbits± 2.5 meter  Clock errors of the satellites' clocks ± 2 meter  Multipath effect ± 1 meter Multipath effect  Tropospheric effects ± 0.5 meter  Calculation- und rounding errors ± 1 meter  PDOPPosition Dilution of Precision PDOP 38

Satellite Errors 39

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