Nuclear and Hadron Physics (The theory activities within INFN) Maria Colonna Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Catania)

Heavy Ion Collisions QGP phenomenology Neutron stars Hadron Structure Hadronic matter Parton correlations Nuclear Matter EoS and Phases QCD Hadron Physics Nuclear Structure and Dynamics Few-body systems Electro-weak probes Shell model Algebraic models Mean-field and beyond Reactions with exotic nuclei 39% 38% Total FTE: 75 (Individuals ~100) 23% INFN Postdoc : 8 PhD Students: 11

Few-body systems Shell model Mean-field and beyond Reactions with exotic nuclei Hadron Structure Hypernuclei Nuclear matter EoS Heavy Ion Collisions QGP phenomenology Neutron stars  Collaborations with many Universities and Research Institutes spread around the world (France, Germany, Russia, Spain, … China, Japan, US…)  Strong link with experimental activities (proposals, joint papers, PAC participation) in Italy, Europe, US, Japan…  Organization of Workshops, Schools and Training of young scientists (ECT*, GGI)

Open key questions: Confinement ? Structure of hadrons ? What is the role of quarks and self-interacting gluons in nuclei ? Hadron Physics Starting point: QCD The strong interaction sector of SM of elementary particles News on the Proton spin Transversity parton distribution Pavia and Torino groups Anselmino et al., NPB 191,98(2009) Bacchetta et al. PRL 107, (2011) e p  e’ π X e + p  e’ (π + + π - ) X Semi-inclusive DIS from HERMES from COMPASS Q 2 ~1-4 GeV 2 momentum fraction Source: D.Lacroix

From quarks to nucleons and nuclei - New trends in Nuclear Forces: Effective Field Theory: derive the nuclear force from QCD or QCD-inspired Lagrangians Few-body systems: Ab-initio calculations to study bound or scattering states Hyperspherical harmonics Lorentz Integral Transform (LIT) Large effect of three-body force ! Trento, Padova, Pisa Shell model calculations: Use of modern V low-k Studies of exotic nuclei, high spin 22 C is the last bound isotope chiral potential Coraggio et al, Napoli Phys.Rev. C81, (2010) Important final state interactions Trento group

 Self-consistent MF calculations (and extensions) are a powerful framework to understand the structure of medium- heavy nuclei. Source: F.Gulminelli  The concept or EoS is widely employed in the astrophysical context (modelization of neutron stars and supernova explosion) Effective interactions and nuclear EoS Mean-field (MF), Effective interactions Nuclear levels Nuclear collective motion (linear response) Microscopic methods are used to construct effective interactions and nuclear EoS: BHF, CBF, FHNC, AFDMC (Catania, Lecce, LNS, Roma, Trento)  Extrapolation to infinite nuclear matter: Equation of State (EoS) Slater determinant Properties of the crust, mass vs. radius, …

Properties of single particle and collective states in (exotic) nuclei Milano group  New exotic collective modes : a way to test the density dependence of the symmetry energy E/A (ρ) = Es(ρ) + E sym (ρ) β² β=(N-Z)/A Experiment performed at LNL D.Montanari et al, Phys.Lett. B697 (2011) 288 Particle-core coupling in 49 Ca - Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR): The strength is connected to the size of the neutron-skin Low density behavior of E sym  PREX experiment (Neutron radius) at Jlab Roca-Maza et al, PRC85,024601(2012) Neutron center of mass Proton center of mass Isovector dipole response PDR GDR  Probing the nature of particle-core coupling (PVC model) in odd nuclei with gamma spectroscopy and heavy-ion transfer reactions

Reaction dynamics: from nuclei to new phases of nuclear matter  Matching of structure and reaction theories  Reactions with very exotic nuclei, like transfer and break-up  Two-particle transfer reactions as a probe of nuclear pairing Advanced quantum models by Pisa and Padova groups Role of Coulomb and nuclear potential in the excitation of PDR and GDR Catania - Padova collaboration E.G.Lanza et al, PRC 84, (2011) Phenomenology of Heavy Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies : a way to explore the Nuclear Matter phase diagram TDHF (and extensions) Semi-classical approximation: time evolution of the one-body distribution function in phase space f (r,p,t): using effective interactions E (MeV)  Matching EoS and transport theories Z E.De Filippo et al (Chimera coll), submitted Fragmentation events (35 MeV/A) Fragment N/Z: Experiment-Theory comparison LNS group DREB2012

BULK (p T ~T) MINIJETS (p T >>T,  QCD ) CGC (x<<1) Gluon saturation Heavy Quarks (m q >>T,  QCD ) MicroscopicMechanismMatters! Initial Conditions Quark-Gluon Plasma Hadronization Ultra-relativistic HIC and QGP Phenomenology LNS : Partonic transport theories: a way to link QCD effective Lagrangians and lQCD predictions to exp. observables An example: Elliptic flow and QGP viscosity Torino :  Strangeness suppression  New exotic non-equilibrium phases (Color Glass Condensate) Firenze :  Hydrodynamical models  Hadronization and statistical models x y z pxpx pypy  Hadron abundance : Statistical models works for all iniitial conditions: e+e-, pp, AA collisions Becattini, Castorina et al, Eur. Phys. J. C (2010) 66: 377–386

A large variety of approaches and methods, but in several cases a common goal can be identified -ex. Exotic systems and symmetry energy Contiguity between nuclear and hadron physics -ex. New nuclear forces, transitions to new phases of matter in HIC and in neutron stars (hyperons, deconfined phase) Strong collaboration between experimentalists and theorists only in some sectors, however synergies are increasing and encouraged by INFN theoretical and experimental Committees

Other funding 1) Quark-Gluon-Plasma and high energy collisions Universities involved: Firenze (F.Becattini), Catania, Torino, Torino Politec. 2) Stucture and dynamics of nuclei beyond the valley of stability Universities involved: Padova (A.Vitturi), Catania, Napoli, Pavia, Trento  MIUR-PRIN  MIUR-FIRB QCD phases, field-theory models and transport theories: a systematic approach to the phenomenology of heavy ion collisions at LHC Catania Univ. (V.Greco) --- Torino Univ. (C.Ratti) ERC --- Starting Grant Dynamics of the Quark Gluon Plasma Catania Univ. (V.Greco)  E.U.FP7 – I3HP2 Hadron Physics 2-3 ( ) Study of Strongly Interacting Matter European Network + JRA (several INFN sites)

New computing centers  A single central cluster (Project CSN4cluster) in Pisa -128 nodes for serial and parallel jobs -Accessible via GRID  “Memory driven” facility with high RAM/CORE ratio -Exploited by nuclear theorists 6-core, 32 GB RAM, 2 TB HD -Local access

Incontro Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Novembre 2012, INFN-LNS Catania Comitato Promotore: C.Agodi (LNS) M.Colonna (LNS) A.Gargano (NA) P.Gianotti (LNF) A.Guglielmetti (LNGS) A.Kievsky (PI) S.Lenzi (PD) D.Napoli (LNL) M.Radici (PV) P.Rossi (LNF) E.Scapparone(BO) E.Vigezzi (MI) Comitato Locale: G.F.Burgio (CT) M. La Cognata (LNS) E.Lanza (CT) A.Musumarra (LNS) S.Pirrone (CT) G.Verde (CT)