Marine and inland fisheries, prawn culture & other water based activities, aspects related to Blue Revolution --- Vinod Kumar Bist, AGM, NABARD

What is Fisheries, Basic statistics, Blue revolution? Commercial exploitation of fish and other aquatic organism for human use Commercial exploitation of fish and other aquatic organism for human use The word fisheries apart from fish or fin fish also includes crustaceans or shell fish like the shrimps, prawns, crabs, edible mollusks, aquatic weeds, corals etc The word fisheries apart from fish or fin fish also includes crustaceans or shell fish like the shrimps, prawns, crabs, edible mollusks, aquatic weeds, corals etc World fish production ( 2007) MMT, of which the Indian share is roughly 7.0 MMT. World fish production ( 2007) MMT, of which the Indian share is roughly 7.0 MMT. India is the 2nd largest producer of fish and fisheries in the world along with Peru. India is the 2nd largest producer of fish and fisheries in the world along with Peru. Largest producer of fish in the world is China, which produces nearly 52 MMT of fish. Largest producer of fish in the world is China, which produces nearly 52 MMT of fish.

What is Fisheries, Basic statistics, Blue revolution? Of the total production, 2.9 MMT is contributed by Marine Capture, 1.0 MMT through inland capture (total production through capture fisheries is nearly 3.9 MMT) and the rest 3.1 MMT through aqua culture. Thus the marine sector contributes nearly 3.0 MMT and the inland sector contributes 4.0 MMT of the total fish produced in the country. Of the total production, 2.9 MMT is contributed by Marine Capture, 1.0 MMT through inland capture (total production through capture fisheries is nearly 3.9 MMT) and the rest 3.1 MMT through aqua culture. Thus the marine sector contributes nearly 3.0 MMT and the inland sector contributes 4.0 MMT of the total fish produced in the country. Blue Revolution : The enhanced fish production mainly due to the improved aqua culture practices. Blue Revolution : The enhanced fish production mainly due to the improved aqua culture practices.

Types of Fisheries Inland Fisheries : Fisheries activity carried out in fresh water bodies like ponds, lakes, tanks, rivers etc. Eg carps, singhi, mahaseer etc Inland Fisheries : Fisheries activity carried out in fresh water bodies like ponds, lakes, tanks, rivers etc. Eg carps, singhi, mahaseer etc Brackish water Fisheries : fisheries activity carried out in estuaries and back waters eg Prawn farming, milk fish, mullets etc Brackish water Fisheries : fisheries activity carried out in estuaries and back waters eg Prawn farming, milk fish, mullets etc Marine fisheries : fisheries activity carried out in shore and off shore areas of the sea eg Shrimps, tunas etc Marine fisheries : fisheries activity carried out in shore and off shore areas of the sea eg Shrimps, tunas etc

Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Capture and Culture Fisheries

Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture Fisheries – Fish pond with aerators

Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Pearl Culture operation in open sea

Marine fisheries resources -- Marine fisheries resources -- –Continental Shelf area (upto 200 m) : million sq.km. –Exclusive economic zone :2.02 million sq.km. –Length of coastline :8,118 km –Estimated employment (2003) : Nearly 2.0 crores –India’s estimated marine resources potential is 3.93 million tons and production so far has been 2.9 m tons Fisheries Resources Available Fisheries Resources Available

Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Capture fishing operation in the sea through a dip net

Marine fisheries resources contd. – Marine fisheries resources contd. – –Traditional crafts : 2,08,000 –Traditional motorized crafts : 55,000 –Mechanized boats : 1250 –Deep-sea fishing vessels : About 100. –Fishing villages : 3827 –Traditional fish landing centers : 1914 Fisheries Resources Available Fisheries Resources Available

Marine fisheries – A fish haul Marine fisheries – A fish haul

Inland fisheries resources – Inland fisheries resources –  Rivers and canal length : 1,95,210 kms  Minor/ major reservoirs : 2.90 million hectares  Ponds and lakes : 2.40 million hectares  Flood plain lakes /derelict water bodies : 0.80 million hectares  No of FFDAs functioning : 429  Area brought under fish farming : 0.70 million ha  No of farmers covered : 1.20 million Fisheries Resources Available Fisheries Resources Available

Brackish water fisheries resources – Brackish water fisheries resources –  Estimated potential area available : 1.4 million hectares  Area under cultivation : 14 %  Average production of shrimps : 300 to 1000 kgs per hectare per season  No of shrimp hatcheries : 200 are in operation with an output of 7 billion shrimp larvae.  Shrimp feed mills : 33 feed mills with an installed capacity of tpa. Fisheries Resources Available Fisheries Resources Available

Prawn harvested from a brackish water fish pond Prawn harvested from a brackish water fish pond

Composite Fish Culture -- An Example of freshwater aqua culture Can be adopted in village ponds as well as newly constructed ponds and tanks Under the technology more than one type of compatible fishes are cultured simultaneously. Under the technology more than one type of compatible fishes are cultured simultaneously. It is the most advanced and popular fish culture technique in the country. It enables to get maximum fish production from a pond or a tank through utilization of available fish food organisms in all the natural niches, supplemented by artificial feeding etc. It is the most advanced and popular fish culture technique in the country. It enables to get maximum fish production from a pond or a tank through utilization of available fish food organisms in all the natural niches, supplemented by artificial feeding etc.

Composite Fish Culture -- An Example of freshwater aqua culture Fish species involved are : Fish species involved are : Indian Major Carp Indian Major Carp –CatlaZoo plankton feeder Surface feeder –RohuOmnivorous Column feeder –MrigalDetritivorous Bottom feeder Exotic carps Exotic carps –Silver carp Phytoplankton Surface feeder –Grass carpHerbivorous Surface, column and marginal areas –Comm carp Detritivorous Bottom feeder /Omnivorous /Omnivorous

Composite Fish Culture – Important carp species used in freshwater aqua culture

Composite Fish Culture -- Technical Parameters Selection of Pond Selection of Pond Pond Management -- Pre stocking operations -- like clearing the pond of unwanted weeds and fishes, liming and filling of the pond with water, pond Fertilization with cow dung and NPK fertilizers. Stocking operation will involve seed stocking in desired scientific ratio. Pond Management -- Pre stocking operations -- like clearing the pond of unwanted weeds and fishes, liming and filling of the pond with water, pond Fertilization with cow dung and NPK fertilizers. Stocking operation will involve seed stocking in desired scientific ratio.

Composite Fish Culture -- Technical Parameters Species composition ratio Species composition ratio Species 6-species combination Species 6-species combination Catla15% Rohu20% Mrigal15% Silver Carp15% Grass Carp15% Common Carp20%

Composite Fish Culture -- Technical Parameters Post Stocking operations would include activities like feeding on daily basis, manuring on monthly basis and harvesting operations at the end. Post Stocking operations would include activities like feeding on daily basis, manuring on monthly basis and harvesting operations at the end. Feeding – Nearly 1500 to 2700 kgs/ha Feeding – Nearly 1500 to 2700 kgs/ha Manuring – Cow 1,000 kgs/month Manuring – Cow 1,000 kgs/month Ammonium 100 kgs per month and 50 kgs of single super phosphate per month Ammonium 100 kgs per month and 50 kgs of single super phosphate per month

Composite Fish Culture -- Technical Parameters Harvesting : Generally done at the end of 1st year, when the fishes attain average weight of 750 gms to 1200 gms. A production of 3 to 5 tons/ha can be obtained in a year. Harvesting is done by partial dewatering and repeated netting. In some cases complete dewatering of ponds is resorted to. Harvesting : Generally done at the end of 1st year, when the fishes attain average weight of 750 gms to 1200 gms. A production of 3 to 5 tons/ha can be obtained in a year. Harvesting is done by partial dewatering and repeated netting. In some cases complete dewatering of ponds is resorted to.

A fish harvest

Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Capture fisheries -- capturing of the aquatic organisms with the help of gears and tackles like nets, long lines and by other means. It can be practiced in both the inland as well as the marine waters. Mostly, it is practiced in large water bodies like the lakes, rivers, reservoirs, estuaries and seas. In one capture operation there may be a fish harvest of nearly 3 to 4 tons of fish. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Culture fisheries -- signifies rearing of fish from young stage to marketable stage. Young stage is often termed as spawn or fry or fingerling stage i.e. when the fish is few days or months old. The fish is reared upto 06 months or one year or more as per the prevailing market conditions. Generally done under controlled environments like pond, tanks, small water bodies etc. Fish harvesting in progress in a fish pond

Prawn Culture Technique Prawns are crustaceans that are relished for their taste, flavour and nutritional properties all over the world Prawns are crustaceans that are relished for their taste, flavour and nutritional properties all over the world Considering the high export potential, the giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, or the scampi, enjoys immense potential for culture in India. Considering the high export potential, the giant fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, or the scampi, enjoys immense potential for culture in India. Technical Parameters :- The giant freshwater prawn is suitable in tropical and subtropical climates. It is a hardy species by virtue of its ability to adapt to various types of fresh and brackish- water conditions. It accepts pelleted feed and has omnivorous feeding habit. Technical Parameters :- The giant freshwater prawn is suitable in tropical and subtropical climates. It is a hardy species by virtue of its ability to adapt to various types of fresh and brackish- water conditions. It accepts pelleted feed and has omnivorous feeding habit.

Prawn Culture Technique contd. Site selection Site selection Soil quality Soil quality Water quality Water quality Pond construction Pond construction Water supply and drainage Water supply and drainage Farm Management Farm Management -- Liming -- Liming -- Application of fertilizers -- Pelletized feed -- Stocking density – Normally from 4,000 to 50,000 nos. of PL per ha depending on the type and intensity of the management practices.

Prawn Culture Technique contd. Monoculture or poly culture with carps. In case of poly culture more pond depth is preferred at 4-5 feet. In case of poly culture the stocking density of prawn may vary from post larvae. The carp fingerlings may be of the order of Nos. Monoculture or poly culture with carps. In case of poly culture more pond depth is preferred at 4-5 feet. In case of poly culture the stocking density of prawn may vary from post larvae. The carp fingerlings may be of the order of Nos. In order to get desired production, feeding, aeration, water exchange, periodic monitoring should be continued. In order to get desired production, feeding, aeration, water exchange, periodic monitoring should be continued. The quality and type of feed is based on culture system. Generally the feeding rate may be 5% of the body weight. The quality and type of feed is based on culture system. Generally the feeding rate may be 5% of the body weight. The duration of culture varies from 6 to 12 months depending on the type of culture practice. Generally in monoculture the culture period may be 6-8 months and 8-12 months under poly culture. The duration of culture varies from 6 to 12 months depending on the type of culture practice. Generally in monoculture the culture period may be 6-8 months and 8-12 months under poly culture.

Prawn Culture Technique contd. The average growth of prawn may range from 50 gms to 200 gms depending on the duration, density, water quality, feeding etc. The average growth of prawn may range from 50 gms to 200 gms depending on the duration, density, water quality, feeding etc. The survival rate may range 50% to 70% depending on the type of management practices. The survival rate may range 50% to 70% depending on the type of management practices. Marketing -- Good demand for fresh water prawn in both local and international markets. Marketing -- Good demand for fresh water prawn in both local and international markets. Financial viability Financial viability Farm size1 ha. Farm size1 ha. Culture period6-8 months Culture period6-8 months Stocking density30,000 /ha Stocking density30,000 /ha Survival60% Survival60% Feed conversion ratio2.5:1 Feed conversion ratio2.5:1 Expected production1,260 kg/ha/crop Expected production1,260 kg/ha/crop

Prawn harvest from a brackish water fish pond

Some important fishery products and by products Raw fishDried fish Fish soupsSurumi Isinglass Fish meal Fish manurePearl production Fin raysFish sausages Fish picklescanned fish Battered and breaded products

Some important fishery products and by products - Pearls

Some important fishery products and by products – Dried fish

Some important fishery products and by products – Fried fish products

Some facts and issues pertaining to the Indian Fisheries Indian fisheries doing fairly well and growing at a faster rate in comparison to agriculture or many other allied activities. India is the 2nd largest producer of fish in the world. Indian fisheries doing fairly well and growing at a faster rate in comparison to agriculture or many other allied activities. India is the 2nd largest producer of fish in the world. Production through aqua culture is higher in comparison to the capture fisheries. Production through aqua culture is higher in comparison to the capture fisheries. There is a need to adopt systems like the integrated fish farming and intensive fish farming. This would be possible by adopting semi intensive fish farming. There is a need to adopt systems like the integrated fish farming and intensive fish farming. This would be possible by adopting semi intensive fish farming.

Some facts and issues pertaining to the Indian Fisheries – contd. In the marine sector there is a need to explore and exploit off shore fisheries resources. In the marine sector there is a need to explore and exploit off shore fisheries resources. Only 25% of the brackish water sector has so far been utilized. Better utilization of the brackish water will not lead to higher production but will also yield more foreign exchange. Only 25% of the brackish water sector has so far been utilized. Better utilization of the brackish water will not lead to higher production but will also yield more foreign exchange. There is need to increase the present per capita production /yr. from 05 kgs to at least 11 kgs /yr. There is need to increase the present per capita production /yr. from 05 kgs to at least 11 kgs /yr.

Some facts and issues pertaining to the Indian Fisheries – contd. The extension services are still not upto the mark. More efforts are required in this direction especially from the government departments. The extension services are still not upto the mark. More efforts are required in this direction especially from the government departments. Need for more quality fish and prawn seed production and efficient distribution system. Need for more quality fish and prawn seed production and efficient distribution system.

A view of Intensive fish farming

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