Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting thing you learned about Fish & Sharks? Objective: – I will be prepared for the Marine EOC on 5/18. Agenda: – Final Review – Mammalia needs to send me quiz for approval – STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY! Homework: – FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY Monday, May 11 th, 2015

Pg. 136 RTW: What is your favorite organism that we’ve learned about? Objective: – I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia. Agenda: – Reptilia Foldable – Reptilia group be ready to present tomorrow! – Mammalia group send digital documents by today! – STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY! Homework: – FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY Tuesday, May 12 th, 2015

Chordate (class reptilia)  Examples: Class reptilia: sea turtle, marine iguana, crocodiles, sea snakes.  General Characteristics: They are ectotherms; which means “cold blooded”. Bear their young in eggs Breathe using lungs, instead of gills

Chordate (class reptilia)  Diagrams:  Reproduction: sexual and either lay eggs or have internal development without parental nourishment. (ovoviviparous)

1.Kemp’s Ridley 2.Hawksbill 3.Loggerhead 4.Green 5.Leatherback Five (5) species of marine turtles nest in Florida

Green Sea Turtle

Green turtle It is one of the largest species: 3ft long recognized because they have one pair of scales in front of their eyes

Green Turtle  Most common  It’s called the green turtle because of the green color of the fat under shell, they are not actually green.

 Diet consists almost exclusively on seagrasses and marine algae (Hatchlings eat plants and animals)  Inhabits shallow waters and is attracted to lagoons with an abundance of grass and algae

Hawksbill

Hawksbill Turtle  The beautiful shell often used for jewelry  Distinctive by its hawk like beak  Can reach 3 feet

 Diet consists of primarily sponges  Inhabits rocky areas, coral reefs, coastal areas, lagoons.  Illegal trade of tortoiseshell continues

Kemp Ridley

Kemp’s Ridley

 most endangered species, as well as the smallest: only grows to in  They are olive green in color.  Mostly nest on one beach, in Rancho Nuevo, Mexico.

 Carapace is almost as wide as long  Diet consists mostly of crabs  Females swarm to mass nesting emergences known as arribadas in the daylight.

arribadas

Leatherback

Leatherback  Can dive the deepest and travel the furthest of any other turtle.

 Can reach 4 to 8 feet  Diet mostly jellyfish, but also sea urchins, squid, crustaceans, fish, blue-green bacteria, & floating seaweed  Most pelagic of all sea turtles

Leatherbacks  Instead of a solid shell they have bones in their skin that form 5 ridges.

Loggerhead

Loggerhead Turtle  They can be identified by their large head, reddish brown carapace (top), and dull brown plastron (bottom).

 Diet consists of mollusks, crustaceans, fish, other marine animals  Widely distributed

Turtle concerns 1. Diseases……caused by???????  Pollution  Red Tide  Viruses

 Fibropapilloma tumors (FY bro PAP il LO ma) Causes blindness Difficulty swimming Eventual death

Locations w/ infected Turtles

Turtle concerns 2. Us (humans) Boats Shrimp Boats, TED Devices Plastics, trash Loss of habitat Turtle egg poaching Beach nourishment/dredging Beach driving

Interesting Facts: Archelon is the oldest known fossil at 150 MYA. Found in 1970’s in S.Dakota.

Archelon: Measured 15 ft long (from beak to tail) and 16.5 ft wide (including flippers and shell), weighing 4,500 lbs.

Archelon: Primarily ate giant squid.

 Marine Iguana (10 in- 2 ft) Widely distributed throughout Galapagos Population varies in color & size= single species Herbivores= seaweed in intertidal zone  Males are bigger than females  Males tend to swim past breaks  Average diving depths= meters

Physical & Physiological Characteristics Permit feeding Habits -Long & sharp claws Land Iguana Marine Iguana

Marine Iguana gripping rocks during feeding

 Adapted to swim well  Flattened tail for propulsion

Able to scrape algae off rocks with 3 cusped teeth- Razor Sharp!!

Sea Snakes  Approx 70 species of sea snakes  Almost all are venomous  Different from eels Eels are fish with gills, not reptiles with lungs

American Crocodile

American Alligator

Overlapping Teeth Gator vs Crocodile

Crocodiles  Have been on earth for about 100 million years  Human impacts have caused population to decline  Found around the tip of Florida in coastal, brackish or saltwater habitats

American Crocodile American Alligator

American Alligator  Primarily freshwater swamps  Adults can tolerate saltwater for only short periods of time  Lack salt secreting glands found in crocodiles  Hatchlings receive parental care from mother staying with her for up to a year  Florida Red-bellied turtles tend to lay their eggs in an alligator nest

No RTW: Reptilia group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: – I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Reptilia. Agenda: – Reptilia Fish Food Presentation – STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY! Homework: – FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY Wednesday, May 13 th, 2015

Pg. 136 RTW: What is one interesting fact about Reptilia? Objective: – I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia. Agenda: – Foldable Notes Chordata: Mammalia – Mammalia group be ready to present tomorrow! – STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY! Homework: – FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY Thursday, May 14 th, 2015

Chordate (class Mammalia: marine mammals)  Examples: Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins, porpoises Order Sirenia: manatees, dugongs Order Carnivora: sea otters, polar bears Order Pinnepedia: seals, sea lions  Characteristics: 5 mammal characteristics: hair, live young, produce milk, breathe air, endothermic Adapted for swimming Cetaceans use echolocation to navigate

Chordate (class mammalia)  Diagram:  Reproduction: sexual, live birth with placenta attached to mom. Mothers produce milk to feed young.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia

Characteristics Mammals went from land to sea 50 million years ago. Their bodies have adapted to swimming and diving rather than running/jumping on land Only produce a few well cared for young Mammals are 1. Air breathing 2. Live birth, embryo receives nutrients through placenta 3. Warm blooded 4. Have mammary glands produce milk for young 5. Have hair at some point in their lives

Class Mammalia order Pinnipedia (Seals, Sea Lions & Walruses) order Carnivora (Sea Otters) order Sirenia (Manatees & Dugongs) order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises)

Pinnipeds Sea Lions Seals Major differences: Sea Lions can move back flipper forwardSea Lions can move back flipper forward Sea Lions have external earsSea Lions have external ears Sea Lions males have external testiclesSea Lions males have external testicles Sea Lions lack toes w/ clawsSea Lions lack toes w/ claws

Walruses

 Pinnipeds usually live in cold water  Have a thick layer of blubber for insulation, food reserve & buoyancy  Bristly hair & large size conserve body heat (less surface area)  Exception: Monk Seals  These seals live in warm climates  Two species are rare: Mediterranean & Hawaiian  One species is extinct, last seen in 1952: Caribbean  Seals hunted for skin, meat & oil

c Caribbean Monk Seal Last seen In 1952

Steller’s Sea Cow Closest relatives to manatees & dugongs are elephantsClosest relatives to manatees & dugongs are elephants The only true vegetarians among marine mammalsThe only true vegetarians among marine mammals The extinct Steller’s sea cow was the largestThe extinct Steller’s sea cow was the feet Sirenians

Dugong

class Mammalia order Pinnipedia (Seals, Sea Lions & Walruses) order Carnivora (Sea Otters) order Sirenia (Manatees & Dugongs) order Cetacea (Whales, Dolphins & Porpoises)

Breathing  Blowhole takes air to lungs  Toothed whales have 1 nostril  Baleen whales have 2 nostrils

Swimming  Large body size- streamline shapes  Tail flukes and hind flippers propel them through water

Blubber  Mammals are endothermic (warm blooded)  Blubber- used to keep them warm  Over 60cm thick, traps heat.

Communication & Echolocation  Well developed brains, very intelligent  Communicates using clicks & sounds through the melon. Use the reflected sound to determine size, shape and density.  Songs produced by the Beluga & Humpback whales

Brain is larger in relation Comparison of Vertebrate Brains- Brain is larger in relation to body size & more complex compared to other vertebrates This allows more storage & processing of information

Only marine member of the order Carnivora (exception- Polar bear)Only marine member of the order Carnivora (exception- Polar bear) Lacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for insulationLacks a layer of blubber, has dense fur for insulation Almost killed to extinction in 1911Almost killed to extinction in 1911

Cetaceans (Cetus: greek for whale)  Largest group (90 species)  Experienced complete transition to aquatic life  Breathe through one single or double blowhole  m/video/player/animals/mammals -animals/dolphins-and- porpoises/dolphin-pink-river.html m/video/player/animals/mammals -animals/dolphins-and- porpoises/dolphin-pink-river.html  All marine except a few species of dolphins  Cetaceans divided into 2 groups: Toothless, filter feeding Toothed, carnivorous River Dolphin

 Toothless Whales- have two blowholes  Baleen is rows of flexible, fibrous plates that hang from the upper jaws.  Made of keratin (similar to hair & nails)  Hanging from the plates are bristles that overlap and form a dense mat  This filters out the food from the water that the whale takes in  13 species- Blue whale is largest (M- 80ft/ F-110ft)  Baleen used for boning in corsets Suborder: Mysticeti (Baleen whales)

Rorquals  Whales that have an expanding throat (accordion like)  Ex. blue whale, fin whale, minke whale, & humpback whale Blue Whale

Suborder: Odontoceti, (toothed whales)  Most are dolphins & porpoises  Largest toothed whale is the sperm whale- Now the most numerous  Pressures from whaling, drowning in nets are impacting all populations

Humpback Whale spout  Large whales will have a visible spout when they blow air out of blowhole  This is the condensation of their warm breath hitting the cooler air  The height & angle can help ID a whale at a distance (Blue Whale ft high) whaling/blows/spouts.html

No RTW: Mammalia group be ready to present when the bell rings! Objective: – I will be able to cite examples and explain the adaptations to the marine environment of the invertebrate phyla: Mammalia. Agenda: – Mammalia Fish Food Presentation – Mammalia group send digital documents by today! – STUDY FOR FINAL ON MONDAY! Homework: – FINAL IN CLASS ON MONDAY: STUDY Friday, May 15 th, 2015