Propagule Pressure Tory White, Bri Habel, Sarah Ryan, Anna Sheinaus

Definitions Propagule Pressure Propagule Biases Null Model

Summary Propagule pressure... ● Should be null model for invasion studies ● Is significantly associated with invasiveness and invasibility ● Can disconfirm interpretations of invasion patterns

1- Invasion history/widespread 2- Physiological tolerance 3- Consumption efficiency 4- Body size/ biomass 5- Individual growth rate 6- Life span/ generation time 7- Generation success/ rate 8- Seed Size 9- Reproductive output 10- Length of growing/breeding season 11- Hermaphroditic/ asexual reproduction 12- Niche/ Habitat separation 13- Effects of herbivores/ predators 0/1- Anthropogenic activity 1- Disturbance 2-Resource food availability or quality 3- Light intensity 4- Species richness or diversity 5- Species abundance or density 6- Effects of herbivores/ predators :Contrasts that did not consider the potentially confounding effects of propagule pressure :Did measure propagule pressure :Used propagule pressure as control

Example of Propagule Bias Globally invasive birds tend to belong to just seven families o ducks/geese, pheasants, other game species Does this mean that those species have special characteristics that make them more successful for invasion?

Literature Review - Methods ●Forward-tracing of our paper led to 441 papers ●We reviewed 20 papers ●Collected data: support/doesn’t support Colautti et al’s hypothesis; taxonomic group each paper focused on (if any)

Literature Review - Results Agreeance: 19/20 Studies ●-Aquatic/Terrestrial Plants, Freshwater Fish, Insects, Marine Fish, Pathogens Disagreeance: 1/20 Studies ●-Birds ●-Often due to lack of research or inconclusive results

Discussion ●Hypothesis well supported ●Applicable across almost all taxonomic groups; EXCEPT maybe birds European Starling Sturnus vulgaris An invasive bird in the US

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