The Formation of Western Europe

Section 1 Church 1._______ and the 2._______  Dark Age:3. ___ – 1000  Centers of 4.________ destroyed  900 Spiritual 5._______ began

The Age of Faith  6._____________ led the revival  New 7.___________ orders established

Problems in the Church  8.__________ illiterate  Popes had questionable 9.________  Bishops and 10._________ cared about being 11.___________ lords, not 12._________ leaders

Problems in the Church Continued  Reformers Concerns _________ married 2. Bishops practiced 14.________________ _______ investiture

Reform and Church Organization  Pope 16.___________ and Pope Gregory VII enforced Church laws against #’s 1 and 2  Church resembled a 17.__________ with pope at the top  18.________ advisors Papal Curia  Developed canon law  Church collected 19.________

New Religious Order  20.___________ spread the word of Christianity What is the difference between a friar and monk? 21.____________________  Dominic (22._______ priest) Founder of the friar group called the 23.____________ Scholars  Francis of 24. __________ Founder of the friar group called 25._______________

New Religious Order Continued  1212, Franciscan order for 26.________ established Poor 27. __________  28._________ of Bingen Founder of 29.______________ convent  Women couldn’t 30._________

___________-Cities of God They were viewed as the representation of the 31.________ of God Romanesque style –Round 32._________ –33.__________ roof –34.________ walls and 35.____________ –Tiny 36._________, little light

A New Style of Church 37._________  New spirit and 38._______ in the church brought a new style  39.___________ Term comes from a Germanic tribe named the Goths

Gothic  Tall 40.__________  41.________ glass windows  Light

Cathedral of Notre Dahm

The Crusades  How it began  42.____________ emperor sent a letter to the 43._________ of Flanders to ask help against 44._________ Turks who were attacking his capital, 45.____________ (which was in Christian land see page 383)

The Crusades Continued  Pope 46.________ read the letter  He called for a “47._______ war”, a Crusade to gain control of the Holy Land

Goals of the Crusades  Situation: Muslims controlled 48.__________ (the Holy Land) and threatened Constantinople __________ wants to reclaim Palestine 2. Opportunity to get rid of 50.___________ who fought each other They threatened peace in the kingdom and 51.___ property Younger sons 3. Financially: merchants made money off of 52.__________ to finance the crusades Some wanted to win trade routes

The First and Second Crusades  1 st Crusade Goal  Stop 53._____________ from obtaining any more Holy Land  Take back any 54.________________ they already controlled Result:  Captured 55.___________  4 Crusader states made on narrow strip of land (56.__________ to Jerusalem)

The First and Second Crusades Continued  Situation: Edessa taken over by 56.__________  2 nd Crusade Goal  win back 57.__________ Result  Crusaders 58.__________  Jerusalem taken by Muslim leader 59._________  Between the 1 st and 2 nd crusades is where Kingdom of Heaven occurs

The Third Crusade  Effort to recapture 60._____________  People involved 61._________ of France 62._____________ (aka Barbarossa) German Richard the Lion-Hearted of 63._________  64._________ left, Barbarossa 65.__________ Saladin  66.________ leader

The Third Crusade Continued  Results Truce 67.______remained under 68._______ control 69.______ pilgrims could visit city’s holy places

The Crusading Spirit Dwindles  4 th Crusade Goal  Capture 70. ________ Result  Didn’t reach holy lands  Looted 71.____________

The Children’s Crusade  Goal 72. ____________  Who was involved? 12-year-old 73.________________ 74. __________ kids  Result Thousands 75. _______ crossing 76. ________ 77.____told them to go home Some were boarded on ships and disappeared

Spanish Crusade  Goal Drive the 78.__________ from 79.__________  Who was involved: Muslims (aka 80.__________) Reconquista: What is it? 81. _____________________

Spanish Crusade Result Muslims kicked out from Granada by 82.___________ and 83.___________

Ferdinand and Isabella  Tried to 84._______ under Christianity  Lead 85.___________  Purpose Suppress 86.________  Results 87.______ at the stake Jews and Muslims 88._____________

The Effects of the Crusades 1. Travel ________ could manage their own affairs, operate businesses ________ expanded between Europe and Southwest Asia 4. Lessened the power of the 91._________ _____ Empire weakened 6. Muslims