Immigration of Gilded Age CH. 7

Immigration and Urban America America is flooded with immigrants from SE Europe Migration caused by industrial revolution Majority of immigrants live in filthy cities –Hit and Stick –Northeast and Great Lakes

Urban America Immigrants and poor live in tenement housing Sanitation!!!!! Little or no indoor plumbing Modern urban infrastructure nonexistent Jacob Riis’s “The Other Half” – The New York Times Slide Show The New York Times Slide Show

Origins between 1880 and 1921: Italy-4.5 Austria-Hungary- 4 Russia- 3.5 Germany- 3 Ireland- 2 Britain- 1.5

Old vs. New Immigration WASP (old/1 st ) White Anglo-Saxon Protestants Typically more affluent Some Germans and Irish assimilated Dry Progressive Dominate rural US SE European (new/2 nd ) Diverse group Catholic, Jew, & Orthodox Chinese and Japanese to west coast Wet urban

Discrimination and Nativism KKK * –Southern terrorists –Moves N by 20’s –vs new imm. –Membership! 3 Million by 20’s –“Respectability” American Protective Association –Econ discrimination –created to discriminate against new immigrants

Immigration Conclusion Immigrants not always welcomed: –Resented by labor b/c of competition –Resented by others b/c of cultural & religious differences –Resented by some b/c of political influence

Politics of the Gilded Age (7.3)

Introduction Gild: to coat thinly in gold in order to give the appearance of quality Best individuals drawn to industry and not politics Industrialist are ruling gov’t for their interests

Andrew Johnson

U.S. Grant

Rutherford Hayes

Election of 1880 Stalwarts v. Half-Breeds (Rep Division) Stalwarts Pro-Grant patronage Half-Breeds Oppose Grant & Pro- Blaine Against patronage system

Republican Nomination Deadlock Compromise on diverse ticket: ½ Breed James Garfield for Pres and Stalwart Chester Arthur for VP Garfield assassinated* Arthur surprises all and signs Pendleton Act: (civil servants entrance exam + tenure for civil servants

Election Results

Charles Guiteau

Grover Cleveland

Benjamin Harrison

William McKinley

Party’s Political Bases Republican Party Eastern Entrepreneurs and factory workers Western Farmers* Civil War Vets Few enfranchised African Americans Strong central gov’t to help big business and farmers Democratic Party Southern farmers (solid south) Political machines of cities Catholics (new immigrants) Western Farmers* Limited National Gov’t; states rights rule

Tweed and Tammany Hall Machines –Patronage –Imm and voting Boss Tweed runs the most notorious machine 3 million NYC Courthouse costs 13 million to build Flees to Spain, but captured b/c of cartoonist Nast

“Tweed Courthouse”

Revolution???? Labor’s problems are not being addressed Poor immigrants (only help is from machines!) Farmers: Abused by Railroads, Bankers, and Big Business Form the Populist Party who are proponents of Free- Silver!!! (inflation) Government not taking substantive actions to help these groups

19 th Century Summary ALL IS NOT WELL IN AMERICA –Farmers –Labor –Gov’t is corrupt Rep- patronage Dem- machines –Reacial/ethnic tension If it ain’t fixed soon, we might experience class warfare!!!!! (IWW, WV coal wars)