Galileo Galilei ( ) Ro-el Cordero & Robert Trevino This presentation will probably involve audience discussion, which will create action items. Use PowerPoint to keep track of these action items during your presentation In Slide Show, click on the right mouse button Select “Meeting Minder” Select the “Action Items” tab Type in action items as they come up Click OK to dismiss this box This will automatically create an Action Item slide at the end of your presentation with your points entered.

Contemporary Scientists Tycho Brahe –Born into highest ranked nobility in Denmark –King of Denmark gave him a Island and 5% GNP to work –Later became imperial astronomer of Emperor Rudolph II –Accurate measurement of stars ( ) Image from

Contemporary Scientists Johannes Kepler –Sickly child of poor parents –University teacher and pupil of Tycho Brahe –Alienated by both Catholic and Lutheran churches –Laws of Planetary motion Image from ( )

Contemporary Scientists Hans Lipperhey –Invented the spyglass –Galileo supposedly read about the discovery through a letter. (d.1619) Image from

Contemporary Scientists Antonie van Leeuwenhoek –Father was a basket maker –Self Supported, Linen- draper and Surveyor –Elected to Royal Society –Father of microbiology ( ) Image from k.html

The Medici Family Traced back to the end of the 12 th century Started as a banking and commerce family Important family figures to Galileo –Cosimo I –Ferdinand I & Christina of Lorraine –Cosimo II –Ferdinand II –Leopold –Gian-Gastone

Medici and Sponsorship Since Cosimo I, the family held the arts and sciences and general education in high regard Always sponsored and stood by their decisions, despite popular belief or church views Needed to produce to keep their support

Galileo and the Family Formally began with helping Christina of Lorraine’s brother with work, which lead to professorship in Pisa Tutored the princes while also making his own discoveries “Court Scientist” began with the telescope and Starry Messenger Scientist, teacher, and showman

Important Work Pendulum Motion *note Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT

Important Work Hydrostatic Balance vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ references?id=tec_cat2 taken from: Gscheidlen, Richard Physiologische Methodik: Ein Handbuch der Praktischen Physiologie. (p. ﾊ 0058, fig. ﾊ 60) This is not Galileo’s Design, but a later one.

Important Work One Horse Water Pump Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT (yes, we know there are two horses in this photo)

Important Work Sector Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT (Gunners compass)

Important Work New Star Calculation –Using Parallax calculated that the new star was beyond the moon and thus in the heavens

Important Work Thermoscope Image from THE GALILEO PROJECT

Important Work Used telescope to find 4 satellites of Jupiter, and other neat things Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT

Important Work Longitude at sea Using the eclipses of Jupiter’s satellites Won a prize of a gold chain from the Dutch (refused or was forced to refuse) Method never really practical at sea Eventually helped fix maps of France, il Mar Terrano, and even Pennsylvania. Images from THE GALILEO PROJECT

Important Work Falling bodies and Scaling Laws ?

Important Work Argument for Copernican heliocentric theory –Got him in trouble with the church…

“Vehemently Suspect of Heresy”: Formal Abjuration from the Church I have been judged vehemently suspect of heresy, that is, of having held and believed that the sun is in the centre of the universe and immoveable, and that the earth is not at the center of same, and that it does move. Wishing however, to remove from the minds of your Eminences and all faithful Christians this vehement suspicion reasonably conceived against me, I abjure with a sincere heart and unfeigned faith, I curse and detest the said errors and heresies, and generally all and every error, heresy, and sect contrary to the Holy Catholic Church.

Galileo and the Church Pope Urban VIII 1632: Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems-Ptolemaic and Copernican –Given permission by Cardinal Bellermine and Pope Urban 1610 to treat Copernican as theory, but to not teach or defend it; end with “God is all-powerful; to Him all things are therefore possible” –Bible versus scientific proof Inquisition when book reached Rome (1633) House arrest

Dialogues on the Two Chief World Systems- Ptolemaic and Copernican The Persons –Salivati: Galileo and Copernican views –Simplicio: Aristotilean philosophers –Sagrado: simple layman Official aim and actual discourse Organization –First Day: Against Aristotelian physics, current belief –Second Day: Law of Inertia –Third Day: Formation and destruction in the heavens –Fourth Day: Copernican explanation, Venus, Jupiter

…Eppur si muove… (…But it does move…)