The Crusades! Christian Holy War Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

Aim: How were the Crusades both a success and a failure? Do Now: What is your definition of a success? What is your definition of a failure? Give an example of each.

Working in your groups Task: You will work in small groups. Each one of you will be responsible for reading one document and filling out the appropriate part of the chart on the back. You will then exchange information. One person in the group will be responsible for reporting to the class.

Debrief Please follow along and fill in your class notes for the day.

The Invaders In 1093, Byzantine Emperor named Alexius Comnenus ask for help against invaders THE INVADERS: The Muslim Turks aka Ottoman Turks The Muslim Turks were trying to take over the Byzantine capital of CONSTANTINOPLE

Pope Urban II Pope Urban II read the letter asking for help and called for a “holy war” or CRUSADE He said those who fought and died in the Crusades would be promised a spot in Heaven with all sins forgiven

THE GOAL The goal of these Christian soldiers were to recover 1. Jerusalem and 2. Holy Land They wanted it back from the Muslim Turks

Crusader Spirit There were economic and religious motives for the Crusades Kings and the Church: A way to get rid of knights who always fought each other and threatened the peace of the kingdom Younger Sons: A way to gain land and position in society since the oldest son gets everything Knights and Commoners: fired by religious zeal (passion)

First Crusade Unprepared troops No strategy Captured Jerusalem Carved in up into 4 Crusader states

Second Crusade Muslim leader Saladin takes control of Jerusalem Muslim Turks re-conquer the city Saladin is described to be honest and brave

Third Crusade Richard the Lion Hearted = English King and two other leaders recapture Jerusalem He and Saladin respected each other

In the End The Christians are finally pushed out of Jerusalem Muslim Turks are the victors and take over the Byzantine in 1453

Effects of the Crusades Negatives: Weakened the Byzantine Empire, the Pope and nobles Kings become stronger Leaves a legacy of bitterness between the Christians, Jews and the Muslims Positives: Stimulated trade throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East Europe learns much from the Muslims

Summary Answer the Aim

Pictures Cited Slide 1 – http://us.movies1.yimg.com/movies.yahoo.com/images/hv/photo/movie_pix/twentieth_century_fox/kingdom_of_heaven/_group_photos/orlando_bloom5.jpg Slide 2 – http://kspark.kaist.ac.kr/1st%20Crusades.files/Crusades.files/Crusaders%20Constantinople%201204_t.jpg, http://sharpiron.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/sassanian_heavy_cavalry1.jpg Slide 3 – http://www.sbceo.k12.ca.us/~vms/carlton/urban2.jpg Slide 4 – http://z.about.com/d/atheism/1/0/L/K/UrbanIIPreaches-l.jpg, http://www.topfoto.co.uk/gallery/PapalVisits/images/prevs/0819352.jpg Slide 5 – http://kelticklankirk.com/templar_knight_crusaders_in_battle_33.jpg Slide 6 – http://shalomrav.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/crusades1.jpg Slide 7 – http://vwt.d2g.com:8081/crusaders.jpg Slide 8 – http://www.supremacygames.net/RJSnews/2005_images/crusade_movie.jpg Slide 9 – http://www.aijac.org.au/review/2005/images/crusades.jpg Slide 10 – http://www.civfanatics.net/~civrules/Article/MiscScreens/Saladin.jpg Slide 11 – http://www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk/portraits/engravers/graphics/richard.jpg Slide 12 – http://templars.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/templar1.jpg