Yellow Journalism When objectivity took a seat.

Yellow Journalism ___________________________________ ___________________________________. __________________________________ Distorted stories Misleading images for the sole purpose of ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Yellow Journalism Industrial Revolution began at this time Machines made it easy to print thousands of papers in a single night Endless drive for circulation Often the publisher’s greed was placed before ethics 2

The Age of Pulitzer and Hearst Time period of Yellow Journalism was said to be from __________________, although it lasted clear into the __________. The term was first coined based on a series of ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Joseph Pulitzer Came to the US from ________________________ at the age of _________ Joined the Union Army and fought in the Civil War 1

Joseph Pulitzer __________-he bought the __________________________ and combined it with the Westliche Post, a paper that he part-owned 1 He used the Dispatch to launch crusades against government corruption, lotteries, gambling and tax fraud 7

Joseph Pulitzer ___________-he buys the New York World for __________________ The paper had been losing $40,000 a year 7

Joseph Pulitzer A year later, sales boomed to 100,000 In celebration, he had 100 guns fired off in the City Hall park and gave each employee a tall silk hat 1

Joseph Pulitzer The World was known for its editorial page -- income tax, shorter working hours and restrictions on monopolies It became the country’s leading champion of ___________________ Overtones of sensationalism -- Subjectivity -- woven around a substantial core of real news 1

Nellie Bly Her actual name was _______________, but changed it because women found it hard to be taken seriously in the journalism world, and so did not get high-paying jobs Joined the New York World in ______

Nellie Bly Wrote investigative articles over poverty, housing and labor conditions in New York Feigned being insane and sent to Blackwell’s Island, the New York insane asylum Wrote a book titled ____________________ (1888)

Nellie Bly After reading the Jules Verne novel Around the World in 80 Days, Pulitzer thought it would be a good day to see if the book was right. Sent Bly to break the 80 day record and held a contest with readers of the New York World to guess when she would return

Nellie Bly Over ______________ people entered the contest She arrived to a large crowd with a time of _______________________________

William Randolph Hearst Attended Harvard Business manager of a humor magazine, the ______________. He gave parties causing difficulties with school authorities He finally left Harvard by request 1

William Randolph Hearst Father accepts the ____________________ as payment for a gambling debt and gives it to William in Hearst brings writers such as Ambrose Bierce, Stephen Crane, _______________, Richard Harding Davis and ______________ with him They bring crusades, scoops, and sensational stories to San Francisco 1

Pulitzer vs. Hearst Hearst came to New York and bought the ______________________ in 1895 for ________________ from ____________________ Pulitzer didn’t even know it had been for sale

Pulitzer vs. Hearst Hearst wanted to have a bigger circulation than the World, which was _____________ at the time He bought Pulitzer’s writers away for high salaries, as well as his cartoonist _________________, artist of the famous ____________________ Within 12 months the Journal had overtaken the World 1

Pulitzer vs. Hearst To be fair, Pulitzer had originally stolen many of his staff members from other papers when he came to New York 5 Pulitzer hired more writers as well as another cartoonist, ______________, to continue “The Yellow Kid” is his newspaper So both the Journal and the World carried the same strip, with different cartoonists

The Yellow Kid The term Yellow Journalism is derived from this cartoon The strip used a special, non-smear yellow ink The kid’s jacket was always yellow

The Yellow Kid 1st merchandising phenomenon of the comics _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________ Often used to sensationalize stories and discredit the stories of other papers Also used to _________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

Spanish-American War ________________________- niece of the president of the insurrectionist Cuban government She is imprisoned in Havana Hearst begins crusade to get her freed Evangelina is then rescued from prison by ______________________________________ __________________________________________

Spanish-American War News was slow Hearst illustrator Frederic Remington in Havana requested to come home, stating that nothing was happening Hearst supposedly sent a telegraph stating: ______________________________________

USS Maine Battleship explodes and sinks off the coast of Havana Many papers counseled patience and peace The Journal and the World concurrently published a “suppressed cable” that said the ___________________________________ ___________________________________

Spanish-American War Hearst demonstrated his love for glory over objectivity by leading a force of writers, photographers and artists to the scene of action in Cuban waters with a small fleet of steamships ___________________________________

Spanish-American War Journal circulation reached ___________ during the war, and the World was right behind them 1

Journal vs. World Hearst tricked Pulitzer when he ran a story in 1898 describing the death of ___________________________________

Journal vs. World The next day the World carried the story, adding specific dateline information to make the story more authentic. 5

Journal vs. World Colonel Reflipe W. Thenuz ____________________________ 5

Journal vs. World The Journal celebrated for a month as the World maintained a “pained silence” on the blunder 5

Regrets Pulitzer regretted the actions he had taken When gold began to lead to an outbreak in hostilities between Venezuela and British Guiana, Pulitzer jumped in Pulitzer had his writers write ______________ ______________________ and President Cleveland’s denouncing British policy 5

Regrets In one editorial: “Is the integrity of Venezuela’s ‘essential to the integrity of our free institutions?’... There is no menace to the boundary line. It is not our frontier. It is none of our business.” The words had come directly from the president 5 Feelings toward this calmed, and later resolved by the British

____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________

The general public frowned upon subjective practices after a while. By 1910, circulation had dropped off very rapidly for such papers Newsmen and women at competing papers were amused when Hearst issued a bulletin in 1933 that established editorial guidelines for his newsrooms across the country 6

Pulitzer-After Died in ____________ Donated in will ___________________________ ________________________________________ Left funds to establish annual prizes for ________________________________________ ________________________________________ _____________ were added to the prizes Known as the ______________________

Hearst-After US Representative from s-built a castle on a ______________ acre ranch at _______________________. At his peak he owned _________________ _________________________, along with several radio stations and movie companies 6

Citizen Cane By Orson Welles Said to be based on Hearst’s life Hearst tries to shut down the film, burning negatives and having people intimidate exhibitors into refusing to show the film

It can not happen again People are smarter People keep an eye on the media ______________________________________

It can happen again Although they can, most often pay less and less attention to news Therefore, ________________________ __________________________________ Rely more on opinionated reporting and commentary to strike interests