U.S. Labor Force Ch. 10

Changes in Labor Force Def. – all people not in institutions who are 16 years of age or older and who are currently employed or are unemployed and looking for work. Def. – all people not in institutions who are 16 years of age or older and who are currently employed or are unemployed and looking for work. Shift from one sector to another Shift from one sector to another Agriculture Agriculture Production of other physical goods (manufacturing and construction) Production of other physical goods (manufacturing and construction) Services (retailing, insurance, ent., health care) Services (retailing, insurance, ent., health care)

Women in Labor Force 29% in 1960 to 57% today (2012) 29% in 1960 to 57% today (2012) Highest was 60% in 1999 Highest was 60% in 1999

Productivity and Market Changes 38.7 hours per week in hours per week in hours per week in hours per week in 2000 Need skills and knowledge (education) Need skills and knowledge (education)

Projected Job Growth Graphs on p. 164 Graphs on p. 164

Differences in Wages and Salaries Differences in ability Differences in ability Differences in effort and jobs Differences in effort and jobs Experience Experience Education and Training Education and Training Good Timing Good Timing

Geography People like to stay put People like to stay put NE$59, 874 NE$59, 874 MW$55,613 MW$55,613 S$47,322 S$47,322 W$55,095 W$55,095 Median Family Income by Region, 2003 Median Family Income by Region, 2003

Job Discrimination Def.- the practice of favoring one person over another for reasons that have nothing to do with ability to perform a job. Def.- the practice of favoring one person over another for reasons that have nothing to do with ability to perform a job. Figure 10-7 p. 167 Figure 10-7 p. 167

Labor Unions Def.- an association of workers that seeks to improve its members’ wages, working conditions, and benefits

Unions and the labor market Collective bargaining- process in which union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract. Collective bargaining- process in which union and company representatives meet to negotiate a new labor contract. Strike Strike Mediation Mediation arbitration arbitration

AFL American Federation of Labor American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers Samuel Gompers

Others Definitions Lockout -closing down of a business to pressure a union into accepting employment conditions Lockout -closing down of a business to pressure a union into accepting employment conditions Injunction -is a court order to keep a union from striking and picketing Injunction -is a court order to keep a union from striking and picketing Picketing -act of employees carrying signs that call attention to a labor strike with the goal of arousing public sympathy Picketing -act of employees carrying signs that call attention to a labor strike with the goal of arousing public sympathy Union shop -nonunion members can be hired by the factory, business, or agency but only on the condition that they join the union after they are hired. Union shop -nonunion members can be hired by the factory, business, or agency but only on the condition that they join the union after they are hired.

LABOR LEGISLATION

Norris-Laguardia Act Limited the ability of the courts to stop workers from striking in labor disputes Limited the ability of the courts to stop workers from striking in labor disputes Ended “yellow-dog” contracts Ended “yellow-dog” contracts

National Labor Relations Act of 1935 Known as Wagner Act Known as Wagner Act Guaranteed the right of workers to join unions and engage in collective bargaining Guaranteed the right of workers to join unions and engage in collective bargaining

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 Provided a minimum wage of $.25 per hour and time and a half for OT over 40 hours Provided a minimum wage of $.25 per hour and time and a half for OT over 40 hours

Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 Known as Taft-Hartley Act Known as Taft-Hartley Act Prevented labor unions from engaging in unfair labor practices Prevented labor unions from engaging in unfair labor practices Outlawed Closed shop Outlawed Closed shop Does not outlaw union shop Does not outlaw union shop “right to work” “right to work”

Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 Known as Landrum-Griffin Act Known as Landrum-Griffin Act Improve democratic procedures and reduce corruption within unions Improve democratic procedures and reduce corruption within unions Requires regularly scheduled elections of union officers Requires regularly scheduled elections of union officers Voting by secret ballot Voting by secret ballot

Union Management Relations Grievance – formal complaint made by a union if it feels one member of a class of its members have been treated inappropriately. Grievance – formal complaint made by a union if it feels one member of a class of its members have been treated inappropriately. Seniority- workers length of service with an employer Seniority- workers length of service with an employer

Unemployment Rate Unemployed/Labor Force Unemployed/Labor Force