Isaac Newton, William Harvey, & Robert Boyle

Calculus (Disputed with Leibnitz) Isaac Newton 1643-1727. English. Reflecting Telescope Theory of Light & Color Calculus (Disputed with Leibnitz) Three Laws of Motion Gravity Newton developed so much by a relatively young age.

Provides the formulas for the mechanics of the universe The Principia (1687) But his greatest achievement was the “Principia” which offered a unifying worldview that explained the mechanics of everything. We now know how things move! Isaac Newton Provides the formulas for the mechanics of the universe

Objects are attracted to each other by the force of gravity. Universal law of gravitation: law that explains why the planetary bodies do not go off in straight lines but instead continue in elliptical orbits around the sun! Objects are attracted to each other by the force of gravity. New Isaac Newton How does Isaac Newton’s Principia relate to our ability to go to leave the Earth’s atmosphere and explore outer space?

Newton’s Three Laws of Motion Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. The more force the more acceleration For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

What are the 3 laws of motion? goo.gl/gsQ6DJ Skim! Take notes! Watch the first 5 minutes of the video at the bottom.

This is Isaac Newton’s most famous quote This is Isaac Newton’s most famous quote. What does it reflect about his personality? Source: Isaac Newton. English Scientist. Letter to Robert Hooke. February 5, 1676 “What Descartes did was a good step. You have added much several ways, and especially in taking the colours of thin plates into philosophical consideration. If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.” This gives the impression that Newton was a very humble and reverent man. Nothing could be further from the truth. He rarely made public appearances or shared his ideas. He couldn’t handle criticism. There is also some evidence that he was homosexual, which also might account for his reclusiveness.

Now, Consider the Robert Hooke had many physical deformities, including a very small stature, and had recently criticized Newton’s theory of light. Source: Isaac Newton. English Scientist. Letter to Robert Hooke. February 5, 1676 “What Descartes did was a good step. You have added much several ways, and especially in taking the colours of thin plates into philosophical consideration. If I have seen a little further it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.” This letter was supposed to be an “apology” letter after Hooke and Newton had thrown some jabs at each other. But even in the apology, we see Newton’s final jab in speaking of ‘giants’ to a dwarf. This famous statement, taken in this new context, better reveals Newton’s character. For more on this story, see John Gribbin’s “The Scientists” pages 163-164.

Newton’s Cultural Impact To what extent were Newton’s discoveries a paradigm shift? How did Newton change the way people thought about the world and universe? How did Newton change the way people feel about the world and universe?

Newton’s Cultural Impact Nature and Nature's laws lay hid in night: God said, "Let Newton be!" and all was light. -Alexander Pope (1688-1744). English Poet. Epitaph intended for Isaac Newton

Eventually SOMEBODY will discover anomalies in the Newtonian model of the universe, as well. Another paradigm shift will occur.

Medicine and Chemistry Medicine in the Middle Ages was based on Galen’s investigation. Greek, 2nd century A.D. Observations made on animals Vesalius also made new discoveries by dissecting the human body Two kinds of blood Arteries and veins

William Harvey 1578-1657 Wrote On the Motion of the Heart and Blood. Heart was the beginning point of the circulation of the body. Same blood in veins and arteries Circuit

Robert Boyle 1627-1691 One of the first Chemists Conducted experiments Boyle’s Law: Volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted on it. https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/teach-boyles-law Wishes: prolongation of life, discovery of youth, cure of diseases, art of flying…

So? What impact did these three men have on the Scientific Revolution and on the development of science in general?