Specialized Populations: When is ORAS not enough? The Corrections Institute Center for Criminal Justice Research University of Cincinnati

The Ultimate Goal To develop the most comprehensive view of the person –Incorporate actuarial assessments, structured evaluations, and professional judgment

Best Practices: The Use of a Actuarial Assessment Medical Automobile Insurance Mechanical Economics Healthcare

Anybody Recognize This?

Probably Not. But You Probably Recognize This?

Effectiveness of the QWERTY v DVORAK Some dispute findings but most accept –DVORAK 33% fewer errors –Guinness Book of World Records 212 words a minute with DVORAK –30 times less stressful to hands –Ergonomically superior –Alternate hands –70% of the keys used are on one row

Why QWERTY over DVORAK? QWERTY was more effective for typewriters Why was it not adopted once technology advanced? –We already know what we are doing. –We have been doing this for so long. –It works the way we are doing it. –It is too expensive to change. –It will take too much to relearn what I am doing.

Goal of Assessment To capture a true picture of the person we are working with regarding his or her strengths, areas of general need, crime producing factors, and support networks

Creating a True Picture Criminogenic Needs Specialized Population Need Specific Assessments Structured Professional Judgment Environment Social Support

Criminogenic Needs Assess offenders using a valid instrument for the purpose of gathering a composite risk score/level

The Utility of the ORAS Broad measure of criminogenic needs –Overall risk level “Red Flags” for domain specific needs –Low –Moderate –High

Use a Valid Risk Assessment Instrument to Predict Recidivism

Specialized Populations Sexual offenders Domestic Violence Operating Motor Vehicle while Intoxicated Violent offenders Women offenders Veteran offenders

Assessing Specialized Populations Consider general risk Concentrate on areas that are problematic for that type of offender Remember, composite risk score relates to the overall likelihood

Who Is More Likely to Reoffend? 1 st time DUI Drinking at a bar with friends Crossed the double yellow line.12 BA Employed Has a driver’s license States “The cop was just doing their job” “It is not ok to drink and drive” Family that supports sober lifestyle 1 st time DUI Drinking at a bar with friends Crossed the double yellow line.12 BA Unemployed Driving w/o a license States “The cop was out to get me” Everyone gets one DUI Family who engages in alcohol use on a regular basis 15

DUIs/OMVIs Not highly related to how much you drink

DUI/OMVI-Multiple DUIs

Two Typologies of DUIs Problem drinkers who drive Problem drivers who drink

Offender Types Sexual offender assessments –Rapid Risk Assessment of Sex Offense Recidivism (RRASOR) –Minnesota Sex Offender Screening Tool (MnSOST-R) –Static-2002R –Sex Offender Risk Appraisal Guide (SORAG)

Violent/Anger HCR-20 Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) Hostile Interpretation Questionnaire (HIQ) Hostility Inventory

Domestic Violence Spousal Assault Risk Assessment Danger Assessment

Individualized Needs within Each Domain

Domain Areas Offender Types Education, Employment, and Education Family and Social Support Substance Use Peer Associations Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs

Targets for Change Education Employment Financial Situation

Family and Social Support Family of origin Current family Community support networks Housing

Substance Abuse Alcohol Drugs –Type of drugs

Substance Abuse Issue with peers? Physiologically Addicted? Poor emotional regulation?

Peers Prosocial networks Antisocial networks

Criminal Attitudes and Behavior Problems Prosocial/Antisocial Attitudes Empathy/Compassion Aggressiveness Risk Taking

NEED SPECIFIC ASSESSMENTS

Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs Criminal Sentiments Scale-M Circumstances, Motivation, Readiness, & Suitability Jesness Inventory Navaco Anger Scale and Provocation Inventory

Drug/Alcohol Addiction Severity Index Adult Substance Use Survey Alcohol use disorders identification test Level of Care Utilization System

Mental Health Brief Jail Mental Health Screen Diagnostic Interview Schedule IV MMPI-2 Personality Assessment Inventory Traumatic Symptom Inventory

Family Ecomap Genogram Norbeck social Support Questionnaire

Education/Employment Adult Basic Learning Examination Basic English Skills Test Burns/Roe Informal Reading Inventory Slossom Oral Reading Test Tests of adult Basic Education

Professional Judgment Within each target—why is this an issue of this individual?

Environment How does the environment the person interacts within help, hurt, have no impact?

Social Support What resources does this person have or is available that can be leveraged to meet his/her needs?

Assessment On-going process –The more we know, the more we can tailor our interventions –One level of assessment is not enough