KICK OFF SEPTEMBER 30, 2013 Define the following words on your notecards: William the Conqueror (p. 388) Domesday Book (p. 388) Magna Carta (p. 389) Parliament (p. 389) Reconquista (p. 391) Piety (p. 393) Pontificate (p. 394)

PAIR/SHARE Share your town vs. manor essay with the person sitting next to you. After you’ve heard your partner’s essay, ask them 2 questions, or offer them two comments. Write these on the bottom of their essay, and your name. Turn in your essay.

THE GROWTH OF MONARCHIES

ENGLISH MONARCHY One of first countries to develop strong, central monarchy (king) Alfred the Great drove out Vikings William the Conqueror took the throne by force at Battle of Hastings Domesday Book : survey used to create central tax system for England Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine in France, ruled both countries

MAGNA CARTA By 1200, increasing power of kings worried nobles (power struggle) King John needed money for war, tried to tax nobles, they rebelled Forced him to accept Magna Carta Magna Carta Restricted King’s power Set forth ideas about limiting government One of the most important documents in forming modern democracies

PARLIAMENT Another rebellion about restricting king’s power in 1260s King agreed to meet w/ nobles regularly to discuss key issues Developed into Parliament Powers remained undefined for long time Edward I worked effectively w/ them and strengthened the gov’t

OTHER EUROPEAN MONARCHIES France After Charlemagne, did not rule much territory Capetians and Hugh Capet extended power of monarchy Holy Roman Empire Germany separated into several small states Otto the Great crowned Emperor of Romans in 962 Territory became known as Holy Roman Empire Spain and Portugal Fought to drive Moors (Muslims) out of Iberian Peninsula Called Reconquista

The Holy Roman Empire, 1100

WHAT WOULD YOUR GREAT CHARTER SAY? The teachers and principals at Butler High School are demanding too much from the students, without asking their input. Many students decide to revolt! Write your own Magna Carta, outlining what you think the school should do to treat students fairly. Write at least 5 points, and decorate your Great Charter. These will be graded, and hung up around the classroom and hallway!

POWER OF THE CHURCH Textbook section 15.5

RELIGION IN THE MIDDLE AGES Pope head of Roman Catholic Church Became a strong political figure in Middle Ages Religion touched all aspects of life ( unifying agent ) Influence of church increases dramatically around 1000 Great upwelling in piety (devotion to church)

GROWTH OF PAPAL POWER Popes had little authority in 900s and 1000s Not well regarded Few popes devoted to religion Many believed that church had become corrupt Called for reform Popes began excommunicating bad bishops No greater punishment ( HELL ) Leo IX seen as great reformer, strong pope Excommunicated patriarch of Constantinople in 1054 Led to Great Schism Popes began to gain political and economic influence

CONFLICT OVER BISHOPS Kings chose most of the bishops who served in their lands Reform popes thought that clergy (church leaders) alone should choose religious officials Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor Henry IV Henry chose bishop that Gregory didn’t like, removed him Henry threatened Gregory, Gregory excommunicated Henry Henry apologized, Gregory forgave, continued to fight over bishops

How did Gregory’s and Henry’s views of the papacy differ? How did each man’s view relate to his own position?

CHANGES IN MONASTICISM Monasticism began to lose a lot of its discipline Became more political, less religious Monks in Cluny, France began to choose their own abbot (monastery leader) and return to strict Benedictine rule Cistercian monks even stricter Lived like hermits

FEUDALISM AND MANORIAL SYSTEM Complete the walk-around from Friday When you’re finished, write a letter to King John of England as though you were one of his advisors. In your letter, you must advise him either to accept or reject Magna Carta. Remember to use logical reasons to support your position.