Definitions of Reality (ref . Wiki Discussions)

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Presentation transcript:

Definitions of Reality (ref . Wiki Discussions)

PHILOSOPHY LOVE OF WISDOM Understand the fundamentals of nature, ideas or thinking, knowledge, the good life, aesthetics, politics and God Reality and Truth Consciousness, Soul, Spirit

WHAT IS REAL The state of things as they actually exist State (scale and dimensions, space and time, observation) Things (stuff or objects) Exist (mental or physical)

TRUTH Correspondence of statement to what is real Correspondence of model to what is real: prediction vs creation; experience vs description What is the best model?

Reality Two Ontologic Approaches What exists: REALISM, independent of the mind What appears: PHENOMEONOLOGY, what (and how) it occurs in consciousness

THEOLOGY Study of the Gods Sources include mythology, reason, revelation Now separated generally from science

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY Study of nature and the physical universe Focus on application of reason Precursor of modern science Originally included study of Gods

WAYS OF KNOWING Intuition Revelation Senses Reason Non-computable Sources (Penrose)

Metaphysics vs Epistemology vs Science Metaphysics: study of what exists (idealism, materialism, dualism) Epistemology: Study of nature and scope of knowledge (empiricism, rationalism, constructivism) Science: use of empirical data to construct models that can predict the future

REASON Deduction vs Induction Deduction: Reasoning based on definitions, rules of logic & axioms. Validity not Truth Induction: Reasoning from general fact to a conclusion. Does not guarantee truth, but only likelihood. (Hume and Popper) Limits of mind or mathematical tools?

Scientific Method Issues Popper’s Falsifiability (problem with induction) Gödel's Theorem (incompleteness of formal logical systems) Measurement Precision (sensitivity to initial conditions results in deterministic chaos, e.g. weather) Laws or approximations

Causality Relationship between one event and another (necessary and sufficient) Determinism (orderly laws that specify transformation from one state to another that are in principle reversible, Newton’s laws) Indeterminism (laws can only predict likelihood of outcome, quantum theory) Emergence (sum is greater than parts) Problem of free will in either case

World View WELTANSCHAUUNG Framework of beliefs and ideas through which one interprets and experiences the world Belief vs Truth (depends on what “is” is) What is my world view (try to write it down) We will revisit at end of course Rule: Each world view will be respected

Truths and Consequences of World View Idealist Materialist Dualist Other

Big Questions Time Space Matter, Energy, Nothingness (Vacuum?) Complexity (reduction vs emergence) Consciousness Cosmology Life God