AMSEP WAPES AMSPE Erika Horiba Vocational Guidance Officer Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, JAPAN

Agenda 1. Outline of the labour market and PES in Japan 2. Current employment trend in “Data era” 3. The making process of “Online Service” -1-

-2- The Labour Market in Japan  Labour force participation rate 70.6% (15-64 years old)  Labour population total 66 million … ① workers 63 million ・ employees 56 million (88% of workers) ・ self employees 6 million ( 9% of workers) the unemployed 2.7 million … ②  Unemployment rate 4.0% （② ÷ ①）  Number of enterprises (business offices & factories) ・ Covered by employment insurance 2 million *Source : Employment Placement Statistics (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare) StatExtracts (OECD) Labour Force Survey (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications) * in 2013FY

Activities of PES  PES of Japan provide three main services based on ILO Convention (No.88). Job Placement EmploymentMeasures Employment Insurance Benefits etc. -3- C088 - Employment Service Convention, 1948 (No. 88) Convention concerning the Organisation of the Employment Service (Entry into force: 10 Aug 1950)  Three main services should be integrated PES office staff PES office staff Employers efficient activities Employers efficient activities Jobseekers Jobseekers

MHLW Labour Bureaus (47 locations) Employment Service Division Labour Standard Division Labour Standard Offices PES Offices (544 locations) *number of PES office staff : 27,877 persons(in 2014) -4- PES Organisation Intranet System + HR rotation practices  Flexible structure makes practical activities 1) uniformity : speedly, nationwide 2) localisation : modified according to the local market needs

Main Results 2013FY  Number of job seekers : 6.2 million persons (both full and part time)  Number of job openings : 8.5 million openings for permanent employees (both full and part time)  Number of job finders : 1.9 million persons (both full and part time)  Number of recipients of : 1.67 million persons E.I.B. -5- Scene of job seeking * 95% of them submitted by small and medium-size enterprises *Source : Employment Placement Statistics (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)

 PES in Japan deal with a much larger number of job openings and jobseekers. Comparing Results Internationally -6- Total number of job openings (vacancies) employers offered to PES offices in ,952,732 (persons) 8,000,000 Source ： The Relationship between PES and Employers as Social Dialogue, Erika Horiba(2013)

-7- “Hello Work” is a nickname of PES offices given in Close to The People  Giving nickname or making characters. Feeling like PES offices their own organisations. Feeling on the same boat!

Agenda 1. Outline of the labour market and PES in Japan 2. Current employment trend in “Data era” 3. The making process of “Online Service” -8-

Past IT Services  IT at PES had been utilised mainly for PES offices users. (PES offices, Employers, Jobseekers) matching Submitting job offers PES offices Employers Jobseekers (PES users) Seeking job on 1) website 2) intranet system Introducing job offers by confirming records on intranet systems by visiting (on website) -9-

New challenge, “Online Services”  PES provide job information data for Employment Placement Businesses (EPB); local governments, vocational training institutes private-sector jobplacement agencies, schools matching Submitting job offers Providing job information data ＮＥＷ !! Increase the chance to fill vacancies!! PES offices EPB Employers Jobseekers (clients) matching Jobseekers (PES users) Obtaininig consent Now on Release 1 st Sep ～ -10- About 1,000 EPB register !!

1) Increase the need for PES data from local governments who needed to support social benefits recipients after enactment of the law* in * “Promoting support system for social benefits recipients” 2) Social trend : “Big data” Promote utilisation of public data as “Open Data” Background of The New Challenge -11- Local governments ・ Provide social benefits for those who are struggling to make a living. ・ Promote recipients to start working. ・ Need for job information from PES ・ Need much more cooperation with PES

 Provide PES data as “Open Data”. Concept of Open Data merely picking up data as it is establishing data formats ; 1) suitable for machine reading 2) data released with the rules of “secondary use” without requiring a lot of manpower csv, API etc -12-

 Open Data is expected to bring three effects at the same time. Effects of Open Data 1.Improve transparency and reliability of the government 2.Facilitate public participation in private sectors 3.Stimulate overall economy as well as efficiency of the government -13-

 Main ideas 1) Data held by PES should be provided as “Open Data”. 2) PES should play a main role in promoting the labour market. 3) In particular, PES should collaborate with local governments more closely than before.  National policies “Japan Revitalization Strategy” (June 24th, 2014) “Declaration to be the World's Most Advanced IT Nation” (June 14, 2013) PES Are in Transition with Open Data Policy making process -14-

Short Recap 1. Changing the view of data Past : 1) Mainly used passively as job information 2) PES should hold whole data carefully From now : “Open Data” 1) Used in various ways (matching, data analysis etc.) 2) Under the rule, local governments and private sectors can use a part of PES data -15-

Agenda 1. Outline of the labour market and PES in Japan 2. Current employment trend in “Data era” 3. The making process of “Online Service” -16-

Policy Making Process  When establishing a new service, we set two perspectives ; 1) deciding successful strategies from past experience 2) adding new essence regardless of the existing systems INPUT Main Ideas OUTPUT Online Service -17- BLACK BOX ☑ Focusing on target ☑ Best practices ☑ New ideas and activities

 When PES share own holding data ; The Way to Get Information PES Alternatives Private-sector jobplacement agencies 4% Advertisements 27.4% Others 39.7% (Personal connections, Local gov. etc.) Current users PES 28.9% Q1. Who needs employment services ? Q2. How to involve other stakeholders? -18- ☑ Focusing on target

 PES are highly responsible for introducing job. Merely providing job information Job information + Jobplacements (tailor-made services)  With the view from PES best practices, 1) EPB Private-sector jobplacement agencies, PES Local governments etc. 2) Advertisements do not provide jobplacement services -19- Successful Strategies from the Past Experience ☑ Best practices Without job placements, there is no success in finding jobs. Q1. Who needs employment services ?

 For EPB, using PES data is available for ; 1) acquiring new customers 2) improving matching services for jobseekers Q2. How to involve other stakeholders? Advantages Responsibilities Advantages of Using PES Data -20- increase the chance to promote new job offers from employers (PES users)

Outline of EPB  Online service is based on the current “labour supply and demand adjustment system” Type of EPB 1)Fee-charging (approval system) Private-sector jobplacement agencies (17,556) 2)Free (mainly notification system) a) Schools (5,144) b) Local governments (164) c) Special corporations (1,714) d) Others (834) *in Online Service

The Rule Under Online Service (1)  EPB should follow rules ; ex 1) Principle of jobplacement introducing job offers accepted by others 1 ) Sending data PES offices EPB Employers (PES users) Obtaining consent Submitting job offers 1. Accepting data use data as it is (= Offers accepted by PES offices) Must not show PES data (offers) to EPB’s clients -22- Original rule Job Offer A Jobseekers (clients) 2) Introducing Job Offer A

The Rule Under Online Service (2) 1) Sending data PES offices EPB Employers (PES users) Obtaining consent Submitting job offers ☑ New activities 2. Negotiate with employers (PES users) 3. Show new job offers accepted by EPB -23- Job Offer A 2) Negotiation Job Offer B Jobseekers (clients) 3) Introducing

The Rule Under Online Service (3) ex 2) Clear indication of working conditions, etc. introducing job with vague working conditions 1) Sending data PES offices Employers (PES users) ☑ New activities 2. Promote employers (PES users) 2.5 Negotiation 3. Show new job offers accepted by E.P.B 2) Negotiation Working conditions should not be worse !! WANTED Regular workers WANTED Non-regular workers EPB -24- Original rule

Share PES Skills with Local Governments  PES offices encourage the local governments by ; 1) Providing basic lessons with the manual ・ Laws, rules ex) treatment of personal information ・ Know-how about jobplacements 2) Providing software to read data ・ Data format (csv, API) → Screen (information on job offers) ☑ New ideas and activities -25- Sending data offer No., , date, 3/7/2014, address, Tokyo, work type, full, ･･･ Job Offer Nurse Place : Tokyo Work type ： full Reading data, Editing

The Next Level -26-  PES should take responsibility to manage matching systems as a leader of the local labour market. source of job information EPB are partners of PES, not competitors  Further discussion ・ Opening data about jobseekers (PES users)

Short Recap 1. Successful strategies from past experience 1) Focusing on targets users: EPB and their customers 2) The way to provide data data + matching services should be provided as a whole 2. New challenges PES should develop transparency as “Public Services” 1) by responding to EPBs’ needs 2) by managing matching rules as a leader of the local labour market -27-